ECTRIMS/EAN Guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with new drugs becoming available in the past years. There is a need for a reference tool compiling current data to aid professionals in treatment decisions.

Objectives: To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the pharmacological treatment of people with MS.

ECTRIMS/EAN guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system. As new drugs are becoming available, knowledge on diagnosis and treatment must continuously evolve. There is therefore a need for a reference tool compiling current data on benefit and safety, to aid professionals in treatment decisions and use of resources across Europe.

Multiple Sclerosis International Federation: stimulating international cooperation in research.

The MS International Federation (MSIF), established in 1967, links the activities of over 85 national multiple sclerosis (MS) societies worldwide. Over those 45 years, and particularly in the last 20, it has seen dramatic changes in our understanding, treatment, and multidisciplinary management of people with MS. However, these advances are not universal and there are embarrassing discrepancies in the levels of treatment and care provided in different parts of the world.

Suppression of Aβ toxicity by puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase is independent of its proteolytic activity.

The accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the brain is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and is thought to be of primary aetiological significance. In an unbiased genetic screen, we identified puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA) as a potent suppressor of Aβ toxicity in a Drosophila model system. We established that coexpression of Drosophila PSA (dPSA) in the flies' brains improved their lifespan, protected against locomotor deficits, and reduced brain Aβ levels by clearing the Aβ plaque-like deposits.