Animal welfare: the role of non-governmental organisations.

The welfare of animals is of interest to many people in most parts of the world. Concern about the way that animals are treated will depend on many factors, including socio-economic conditions, culture, religion and tradition. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is committed to ensuring that all animal welfare standards are science-based, but recognises that these other factors must also be taken into account.

The effectiveness of community-based animal health workers, for the poor, for communities and for public safety.

The development of community animal health (CAH) is an invaluable tool for addressing a series of challenges, particularly for the policy-maker, whose prime concern is public welfare. This paper examines three of the major challenges which confront governments, particularly the governments of less-developed countries, namely, the collapse of government services, the crucial issue of poverty reduction and the misuse of animal drugs. Although CAH is a potentially powerful tool for approaching all of these problems, the authors argue that CAH can only be fully exploited on a macroscopic level by developing strong institutions to support and regulate such community initiatives.

Chloride persistence in a deiced access road drainage system.

Three years of field data, classical linear reservoir theory, and a new dissolution model confirm the hypothesis that residual chloride from highway deicing applications dissolves into precipitation throughout the year. The measured input includes 52 storm hyetographs and logs of salt and premix applications on an access road with a closed drainage system subject to runoff, interflow, and baseflow. The output data feature discharge and conductivity in an outlet weir measured continuously from February 1998 to May 2000.