A Pentium personal computer-based craniofacial three-dimensional imaging and analysis system.

Personal computer (PC)-based computing is now ubiquitous in common consumer applications. Although PCs have equaled or surpassed engineering workstations in basic computing power and economy, there is still strong workstation dependency for imaging applications. This article demonstrates that a complete system, based on a Pentium PC (Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA) and readily available and inexpensive software, can be built very economically for effective execution of most of the commonly used three-dimensional imaging operations.

The kleeblattschädel anomaly in Apert syndrome: intracranial anatomy, surgical correction, and subsequent cranial vault development.

We present a case of Apert syndrome in which intracranial anomalies of the cranial base were localized to the lesser wings of the sphenoid and sphenoid ridge. The lesser wings of the sphenoid were displaced superiorly to follow the fused coronal sutures bilaterally, where they met at a single point on the skull vertex. Careful preoperative study of the intracranial anatomy in the kleeblattschädel anomaly led to a surgical plan for early correction of the anomaly.

Frontofacial osteotomies, advancement, and remodeling by distraction: an extended application of the technique.

The purpose of this clinical report is to present the distraction technique for advancement of the frontofacial skeleton as a unit. Our 14-year-old patient was diagnosed with Carpenter's syndrome and kleblattschädel deformity at birth. At other centers the patient underwent corrective surgeries, including repeated fronto-orbital advancement in an attempt to correct the residual deformity.