Systematic Review of 3D-Printed Ultrasound-able Models in Graduate Medical Education.

This systematic review aimed to identify studies that have created ultrasound-able models for resident procedural training by means of 3D-printing techniques and examine their tissue specific properties. There were 456 articles identified from 3 databases, of which, 35 studies were assessed for eligibility, and 11 total studies were included. All qualitative studies showed improvements in procedural skills and 89% of the quantitative studies showed significant results.

A survey of essential anatomy from the perspective of anesthesiology, emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and orthopedics resident physicians.

Background: Recent changes in anatomy curricula in undergraduate medical education (UME), including pedagogical changes and reduced time, pose challenges for foundational learning. Consequently, it is important to ask clinicians what anatomical content is important for their clinical specialty, which when taken collectively, can inform curricular development.

Methods: This study surveyed 55 non-primary care residents in anesthesiology (AN; N = 6), emergency medicine (EM; N = 15), obstetrics and gynecology (OB; N = 13), and orthopedics (OR; N = 21) to assess the importance of 907 anatomical structures across all anatomical regions.

Diffusion and Exchange Kinetics of Microparticle Formulations by Spatial Fourier Transform Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching with Patterned Illumination.

The mechanism of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) mobility during release in microparticle formulation was investigated using periodically structured illumination combined with spatial Fourier transform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FT-FRAP). FT-FRAP applies structured photobleaching across a given field of view, allowing for the monitoring of molecular mobility through the analysis of recovery patterns in the FT domain. Encoding molecular mobility in the FT domain offers several advantages, including improved signal-to-noise ratio, simplified mathematical calculations, reduced sampling requirements, compatibility with multiphoton microscopy for imaging API molecules within the formulations, and the ability to distinguish between exchange and diffusion processes.

Influence of flake density and starch retrogradation on in vitro gas production kinetics, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of steam-flaked corn.

Previous research has demonstrated that decreasing starch availability of steam-flaked corn by increasing flake density or increasing the degree of starch retrogradation influences in vitro gas production kinetics. However, it is unclear if increasing flake density or the degree of starch retrogradation influences end-products of in vitro ruminal fermentation (methane, volatile fatty acids, ammonia). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of increasing flake density and the degree of starch retrogradation on in vitro gas production kinetics, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of steam-flaked corn.