Management of Medical Complications during the Rehabilitation of Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, in 2019, there were approximately 223,135 hospitalizations in the United States related to traumatic brain injury (TBI). If not managed properly, these patients can suffer complications with significant negative implications with respect to morbidity, mortality, and long-term functional prognosis. It is imperative that medical providers who care for patients with TBI across the entire spectrum of care readily diagnose and treat the sequela associated with moderate-severe brain trauma.

Estrogen Receptor Status by Immunohistochemistry Is Superior to the Ligand-Binding Assay for Predicting Response to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a newer technique for assessing the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancers, with the potential to overcome many of the shortcomings associated with the traditional ligand-binding assay (LBA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ER status determination by IHC, compared with LBA, to predict clinical outcome-especially response to adjuvant endocrine therapy-in a large number of patients with long-term clinical follow-up.

Patients And Methods: ER status was evaluated in 1,982 primary breast cancers by IHC on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, using antibody 6F11 and standard methodology.

Integration of DNA Repair, Antigenic Variation, Cytoadhesion, and Chance in Survival: A Perspective.

Apicomplexan parasites live in hostile environments in which they are challenged chemically and their hosts attempt in many ways to kill them. In response, the parasites have evolved multiple mechanisms that take advantage of these challenges to enhance their survival. Perhaps the most impressive example is the evolutionary co-option of DNA repair mechanisms by the parasites as a means to rapidly manipulate the structure, antigenicity, and expression of the products of specific multigene families.

Disruption of VirB6 Paralogs in Anaplasma phagocytophilum Attenuates Its Growth.

Many pathogenic bacteria translocate virulence factors into their eukaryotic hosts by means of type IV secretion systems (T4SS) spanning the inner and outer membranes. Genes encoding components of these systems have been identified within the order based upon their sequence similarities to other prototypical systems. strains are obligate intracellular, tick-borne bacteria that are members of this order.