Intra- and Interobserver Variability in Ultrasound Measurement of Testicular Volumes in Pubertal Boys.

Accurate measurement of testicular volume (TV) in boys is an important tool in clinical practice, e.g., in varicocele treatment.

Tezosentan normalizes hepatomesenteric perfusion in a porcine model of cardiac tamponade.

Background: To investigate endothelin-1 (ET-1)-dependent hepatic and mesenteric vasoconstriction, and oxygen and lactate fluxes in an acute, fixed low cardiac output (CO) state.

Methods: Sixteen anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs were studied. Cardiac tamponade was established to reduce portal venous blood flow (Q(PV)) to 2/3 of the baseline value.

Inappropriate high-rate ventricular pacing in a patient with a defibrillator.

We describe a patient who presented with high rate ventricular pacing secondary to dysfunction of his implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The device was also unable to communicate with the programmer and unable to treat ventricular fibrillation. Immediate disconnection of the ICD from the leads was the only effective recourse.

Effect of increasing norepinephrine dosage on regional blood flow in a porcine model of endotoxin shock.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a norepinephrine-induced differential increase in mean arterial pressure on splanchnic and renal perfusion in a porcine model of volume-resuscitated endotoxic shock.

Design: Prospective, controlled, acute interventional study.

Setting: Animal research laboratory.