Safe and easy in vitro evaluation of tmRNA-SmpB-mediated -translation from ESKAPE pathogenic bacteria.

In bacteria, -translation is the major quality control system for rescuing stalled ribosomes. It is mediated by tmRNA, a hybrid RNA with properties of both a tRNA and a mRNA, and the small protein SmpB. Because -translation is absent in eukaryotes but necessary for bacterial fitness or survival, it is a promising target for the development of novel antibiotics.

The neurogenic factor NeuroD1 is expressed in post-mitotic cells during juvenile and adult Xenopus neurogenesis and not in progenitor or radial glial cells.

In contrast to mammals that have limited proliferation and neurogenesis capacities, the Xenopus frog exhibit a great potential regarding proliferation and production of new cells in the adult brain. This ability makes Xenopus a useful model for understanding the molecular programs required for adult neurogenesis. Transcriptional factors that control adult neurogenesis in vertebrate species undergoing widespread neurogenesis are unknown.

Proliferation, migration and differentiation in juvenile and adult Xenopus laevis brains.

In contrast to mammals, the brain of adult non-mammalian vertebrates exhibits a higher proliferative and/or neurogenic activity. To provide new models on this issue, we have examined origin, distribution and fate of proliferating cells in the entire brain of juvenile and adult Xenopus laevis. Using immunohistochemistry for the Proliferation Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), and/or the thymidine analog, 5-Bromo-2' deoxyUridine (BrdU), the labeled cells are located in ventricular zones of the olfactory bulbs, cerebral hemispheres, preoptic region, ventral hypothalamus and cerebellum.

Generation of stable Xenopus laevis transgenic lines expressing a transgene controlled by weak promoters.

Combining two existing protocols of trangenesis, namely the REMI and the I-SceI meganuclease methods, we generated Xenopus leavis expressing a transgene under the control of a promoter that presented a restricted pattern of activity and a low level of expression. This was realized by co-incubating sperm nuclei, the I-SceI enzyme and the transgene prior to transplantation into unfertilized eggs. The addition of the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element in our constructs further enhanced the expression of the transgene without affecting the tissue-specificity of the promoter activity.

Identification of the blood group Lewis(a) determinant in the oviducal mucins of Xenopus tropicalis.

The amphibian Xenopus tropicalis appears an increasingly appealing model for both genetic and developmental biology studies, compared to the related species Xenopus laevis. Study of the glycosylation pattern of its secreted glycoproteins revealed that this species synthesizes large amounts of Lewis(a) epitope, whereas this motif has previously only been identified in animals within the primate lineage. The use of (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy enabled us to resolve the sequence of three Lewis(a)-bearing O-linked glycans associated with oviducal secretions, out of which one contained the novel sequence Gal(beta 1-3)GlcNAc(beta 1-6)GalNAc-ol.