Single cell dynamics of tumor specificity vs bystander activity in CD8 T cells define the diverse immune landscapes in colorectal cancer.

CD8 T cell activation via immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is successful in microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. By comparison, the success of immunotherapy against microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC is limited. Little is known about the most critical features of CRC CD8 T cells that together determine the diverse immune landscapes and contrasting ICB responses.

Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs).

Multiomics and spatial mapping characterizes human CD8 T cell states in cancer.

Clinically relevant immunological biomarkers that discriminate between diverse hypofunctional states of tumor-associated CD8 T cells remain disputed. Using multiomics analysis of CD8 T cell features across multiple patient cohorts and tumor types, we identified tumor niche-dependent exhausted and other types of hypofunctional CD8 T cell states. CD8 T cells in "supportive" niches, like melanoma or lung cancer, exhibited features of tumor reactivity-driven exhaustion (CD8 T).

Evaluation of Control Strategies for in the Balearic Islands.

The emergence of (Xf) in the Balearic Islands in October 2016 was a major phytosanitary challenge with international implications. Immediately after its detection, eradication and containment measures included in Decision 2015/789 were implemented. Surveys intensified during 2017, which soon revealed that the pathogen was widely distributed on the islands and eradication measures were no longer feasible.