Long-term Outcomes After Open Repair of Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament.

Background: There is a lack of data regarding the long-term clinical outcomes of open repair of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL).

Purpose: To examine the long-term patient outcomes, prevalence of related shoulder lesions, and return to sports in patients who have had open HAGL repair.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Is preoperative elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) a risk factor for postoperative shoulder stiffness after posterior-superior rotator cuff repair?

Background: Postoperative shoulder stiffness (POSS) affects a large number of patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR). Diabetes may increase the risk of POSS. Preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a convenient measure of glucose control in this group.

Development of a Cadaveric Shoulder Motion Simulator with Open-Loop Iterative Learning for Dynamic, Multiplanar Motion: A Preliminary Study.

Ex vivo shoulder motion simulators are commonly used to study shoulder biomechanics but are often limited to performing simple planar motions at quasi-static speeds using control architectures that do not allow muscles to be deactivated. The purpose of this study was to develop an open-loop tendon excursion controller with iterative learning and independent muscle control to simulate complex multiplanar motion at functional speeds and allow for muscle deactivation. The simulator performed abduction/adduction, faceted circumduction, and abduction/adduction (subscapularis deactivation) using a cadaveric shoulder with an implanted reverse total shoulder prosthesis.

Does the osteoarthritic shoulder have altered rotator cuff vectors with increasing glenoid deformity? An in silico analysis.

Background: A transverse force couple (TFC) functional imbalance has been demonstrated in osteoarthritic shoulders by recent 3-dimensional (3D) muscle volumetric studies. Altered rotator cuff vectors may be an additional factor contributing to a muscle imbalance and the propagation of glenoid deformity.

Methods: Computed tomography images of 33 Walch type A and 60 Walch type B shoulders were evaluated.