Artificial intelligence in fracture detection on radiographs: a literature review.

Fractures are one of the most common reasons of admission to emergency department affecting individuals of all ages and regions worldwide that can be misdiagnosed during radiologic examination. Accurate and timely diagnosis of fracture is crucial for patients, and artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to imitate human intelligence to aid or enhance human performs is a promising solution to address this issue. In the last few years, numerous commercially available algorithms have been developed to enhance radiology practice and a large number of studies apply artificial intelligence to fracture detection.

Biological existence from medicalisation to biomedicalization.

The process of medicalisation began around the end of the 18th century due to the emergence of the bourgeoisie and its values, which included the right to be healthy and carry out one's everyday skills, actions which in turn entailed the creation of a state's wealth. In this period, biopolitics was established, a new form of power administration. This made use of medicine to create behaviour that was useful for social activity, shifting the focus from the administration of the law to bringing subjects back within norms through therapeutic action.

Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation: medico-legal and legal-comparative study.

This paper is a scientific contribution on basic safety standards, related to protection against hazards arising from exposure to ionizing radiation: medico-legal issues resulting from the research of the University of Campania and the study conducted by the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology are reported.

Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound: A Modern Diagnostic Technique for Studying Melanoma.

The development of new ultra-high-frequency devices with a resolution of 30 μm makes it possible to use ultrasound in the study of new small anatomical units and to apply this tool to new fields of pathology. Cutaneous melanoma is a severe skin disease with an incidence of approximately 160 000 new cases each year and 48 000 deaths. In this paper, we evaluate the role of HFUS in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma, describe the sonographic appearance of skin layers in the pre-excision phase as well as of lesion features, and correlate the characteristics with pathological examination.

Bone fractures difficult to recognize in emergency: May be cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) the solution?

CBCT is an imaging tool represented by an X-ray computed tomography delivering a conic-shape X-rays source. This system produces volumetric data during a single rotation of both X-ray beam and detector around the stationary patient. CBCT is able to produce three-dimensional images as for MDCT, however, accounting some advantages over it: lower radiation dose, faster volumetric dataset acquisition, higher spatial resolution and bone contrast.