Gender diversity in pediatric surgery: academic ranks and scholarly productivity amongst pediatric surgeons.

Purpose: Despite a growing number of women entering medical school, a small proportion of women pursue surgical specialties, including pediatric surgery. This multi-center study assesses gender-based differences in measures of scholarly productivity and distribution of faculty positions.

Methods: This is a retrospective web-based study of all pediatric surgeons at twelve large institutions across the United States.

Evaluating Sleep Challenges in Hospitalized Youth.

Objective: To characterize sleep quality and sleep disruptions among youth hospitalized outside of the intensive care unit (ICU).

Patients And Methods: Participants were eligible for the survey-based study if they were 8-17 years old, English-speaking, hospitalized for ≥3 days outside of the ICU, and developmentally able to understand surveys. Survey administration included a sleep diary, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD), and a study-specific Inpatient Sleep Disruptors Questionnaire.

Utilization of Additive Manufacturing Techniques for the Development of a Novel Scaffolds with Magnetic Properties for Potential Application in Enhanced Bone Regeneration.

This study focuses on designing and evaluating scaffolds with essential properties for bone regeneration, such as biocompatibility, macroporous geometry, mechanical strength, and magnetic responsiveness. The scaffolds are made using 3D printing with acrylic resin and iron oxides synthesized through solution combustion. Utilizing triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) geometry and mask stereolithography (MSLA) printing, the scaffolds achieve precise geometrical features.

High prevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in blood donors during a dengue outbreak and an endemic period in Colombia.

Objective: Arboviruses pose a challenge in ensuring the supply of pathogen-free blood components because they are not routinely screened in blood banks, and blood components from infected asymptomatic donors could be transfused. This study aimed to detect and characterize arboviral infections in Colombian blood donors.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses and co-infections of blood donors were compared between an epidemic period (November 2019-February 2020,  = 462) and an endemic period (November 2021-August 2022,  = 1,119).

Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12-18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies such as temozolomide, radiation, and surgery have limitations.