Psychological correlates of adolescent depression.

Purpose: To identify psychological correlates of adolescent depression.

Methods: The subjects (N = 156) represented a convenience sample of adolescents who were attending public high schools in four Midwestern rural communities. Instruments used were: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale of Children, Loneliness Inventory-Short Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Family Strengths Inventory, and Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory.

Adolescent depression: a review of the literature.

This article is a review of relevant literature concerning depression, a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that strikes adolescents in a variety of ways and with varying degrees of intensity. The definitions, prevalence, theoretical approaches, and related variables of adolescent depression are discussed. Finally, adolescent depression is discussed in relation to nursing process and nursing research.

A causal model of adolescent depression.

We examined how family strengths, parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, loneliness, age, and gender interrelate, and how this interaction influences depression in adolescents. The data were collected on a written questionnaire completed by 156 adolescents who were attending public schools in four communities in the midwestern United States. We developed a causal model to explicate the relationships among the variables hypothesized to affect adolescent depression and analyzed the data using path analysis via the LISREL VII program.

Correlates of loneliness among midwestern adolescents.

The extent of loneliness among midwestern adolescents was investigated in relation to depression, self-esteem, family strengths, parent-adolescent communication, age, and gender. The study sample consisted of 156 adolescents, ranging in age from 11 to 18 years, who were attending public schools in four midwestern communities. It was found that the subjects had high loneliness scores, and that older adolescents were lonelier than younger adolescents.

Usefulness of selectively ordered preoperative tests.

The authors prospectively evaluated the usefulness of 12 preoperative tests (including blood type and screen) ordered selectively according to clinical status and importance of scheduled surgery. Two methods of assessing usefulness of tests were used, taking into account not simply their abnormality yield, but also their impact on patient care during the entire hospitalization: first, usefulness was assessed by anesthetists involved in care; second, usefulness was assessed by an automated analysis of specific clinical situations in which tests were a priori considered useful. In 3,866 patients 15,920 tests were performed; 30% of performed tests were abnormal.