Biochemical considerations regarding cellular regulation through messenger and allosteric systems. Antagonism between catabolic oxidation of free fatty acids and anabolic aerobic glycolysis in the liver.

This theoretic study deals with some biochemical considerations 1) of a general nature, on cellular regulation both by the messenger systems: type A and type C (MS-A & MS-C) and by the allosteric system, and 2) of a special nature, taking into account, for example, the antagonism between the catabolic oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA) and anabolic aerobic glycolysis, as a major mechanism of allosteric short-term regulation of glycemic homeostasis. The discussion at molecular level is facilitated by presentation of a detailed scheme of a didactic and integrative character which consists not only of an original and rational assamblage of the main anabolic and catabolic pathways of the intermediary glucidolipidic metabolism in the liver ("chemical anatomy") but also of the messengerial and allosteric regulation of these pathways ("chemical physiology"). The author also presents a second scheme, more stylized and resumative which seems to show more clearly the antagonism between hepatic oxidation of FFA (expressing the catabolic phase) and aerobic glycolysis (expressing the anabolic phase); this may partly explain why the two phases cannot be simultaneously but only alternatively functional.

Inhibition by aspirin of the stimulated PGI2 synthesis after administration of kallikrein to hypertensive patients (new aspects of chemical pathogeny concerning the messenger systems: A and C).

The vascular smooth muscle cells belong to the category of "bidirectionally controlled cells", which can be activated (leading to contraction) by some first-messengers (such as Catecholamine-alpha 1, or Angiotensin II) in connection with a recently discovered intracellular second-messenger system-C (sms-C), namely, Diacylglycerol-dependent Protein Kinase-C + Calcium mobilization. On the other hand, these cells can be inhibited (leading to relaxation) by other first-messengers (such as Catecholamine-beta or PGI2) related to the classical "second-messenger system-A" (sms-A), namely: Ns--Adenylate Cyclase--cAMP--Protein Kinase-A. It is also known that kallikrein (via kinins) can stimulate PGI2 synthesis, and implicitly sms-A, relaxing the vascular tone by counteracting the opposite pressor effect of sms-C.

Metabolic and endocrine modulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways of glucose and fatty acids. I. Chemical anatomy of the major metabolic pathways of the energogenic general function.

This study is an attempt to integrate the intermediary metabolism of energogenic substrates--glucose and fatty acids--within the framework of the energogenic general function (EGF), which is active in two distinct phases: anabolic and catabolic. EGF is a component of the metabolic general function (MGF), which together with the reproductive general function and the adaptation general function may be taken to represent three main "general functions of organisms" common to all beings, whether animal or vegetal. This initial paper presents, descriptively and graphically, the main anabolic functions and pathways of glucose and fatty acids and, separately, the main catabolic ones, in other words, the "chemical anatomy" of EGF.