Recovery of lactose from simulated delactosed whey permeate by a low-temperature crystallization process.

Delactosed whey permeate is the mother liquor/by-product of lactose manufacture, but it still contains around 20 wt% lactose. The high mineral content, stickiness, and hygroscopic behavior prevent further recovery of lactose in the manufacturing process. Therefore, its use is currently limited to low-value applications such as cattle feed, and more often it is seen as waste.

Scaling up continuous eutectic freeze crystallization of lactose from whey permeate: A pilot plant study at sub-zero temperatures.

Eutectic freeze crystallization is explored as an alternative to the state-of-the-art evaporation process for the recovery of lactose from whey permeate. At the so-called eutectic freezing point, both water (the solvent) and lactose (the solute) crystallize and can be removed continuously while continuously feeding whey permeate. This continuous process is demonstrated on a pilot scale at sub-zero temperatures.

Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane.

The consumption of pharmaceuticals has increased the presence of micropollutants (MPs) in the environment. The removal and degradation of pharmaceutical mixtures in different water matrices are thus of significant importance. The photocatalytic degradation of four micropollutants-diclofenac (DCF), iopamidol (INN), methylene blue (MB), and metoprolol (MTP)-have been analyzed in this study by using a photocatalytic ceramic membrane.

Selective particle separation on centimeter scale using a dual frequency dynamic acoustic field.

This study investigated the application of dual-frequency type dynamic acoustic fields for size-selective particle separation on centimeter scale in a continuous flow. The 3D-printed X-shaped prototype has two inlets and two outlets. The dynamic acoustic field is generated by two transducers positioned under an angle of 60 and operating at slightly different frequencies.

Applications of anodized TiO nanotube arrays on the removal of aqueous contaminants of emerging concern: A review.

The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in various water bodies and the associated threats to eco-system and human society have raised increasing concerns. To fight against such a problem, TiO photocatalysis is considered to be a powerful tool. In recent decades, TiO nanotube array (TNA) fabricated by electrochemical anodization emerged as a viable immobilized catalyst and its applications on CECs removal have gained a considerable amount of research interest.