Poorer objective but not subjective driving performance in drivers vulnerable to sleep loss effects during extended wake.

Sleepiness-related errors are a leading cause of driving accidents, requiring drivers to effectively monitor sleepiness levels. However, there are inter-individual differences in driving performance after sleep loss, with some showing poor driving performance while others show minimal impairment. This research explored if there are differences in self-reported sleepiness and driving performance in healthy drivers who exhibited vulnerability or resistance to objective driving impairment following extended wakefulness.

Distribution of spine classes shows intra-neuronal dendritic heterogeneity in mouse cortex.

Significance: Neuronal dendritic spines are central elements for memory and learning. Their morphology correlates with synaptic strength and is a proxy for function. Classic light microscopy cannot resolve spine morphology well, and techniques with higher resolution (electron microscopy and super-resolution light microscopy) typically do not provide spine data in large fields of view, e.

Discovery of 6α-Thiazolylcarboxamidonaltrexamine Derivative (NTZ) as a Potent and Central Nervous System Penetrant Opioid Receptor Modulator with Drug-like Properties for Potential Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

The development of highly potent and selective μ opioid receptor (MOR) modulators with favorable drug-like properties has always been a focus in the opioid domain. Our previous efforts led to the discovery of a lead compound designated as NAT, a potent centrally acting MOR modulator. However, the fact that NAT precipitated considerable withdrawal effects at higher doses largely impaired its further development.

Required minimal protein domain of flower for synaptobrevin2 endocytosis in cytotoxic T cells.

Flower, a highly conserved protein, crucial for endocytosis and cellular fitness, has been implicated in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing efficiency through its role in cytotoxic granule (CG) endocytosis at the immune synapse (IS). This study explores the molecular cues that govern Flower-mediated CG endocytosis by analyzing uptake of Synaptobrevin2, a protein specific to CG in mouse CTL. Using immunogold electron microscopy and total internal fluorescence microscopy, we found that Flower translocates in a stimulus-dependent manner from small vesicles to the IS, thereby ensuring specificity in CG membrane protein recycling.