Startle potentiation to unpredictable threat predicts adolescent development of generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: An elevated startle reflex in anticipation of unpredictable threat has been associated with concurrent anxiety disorders. However, only one study to date has examined whether startle potentiation in anticipation of unpredictable threat predicts the development of anxiety disorders.

Method: In a community sample of 309 adolescents, we examined whether the startle reflex in anticipation of predictable or unpredictable threat at age 15 predicted onset of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) at age 18.

Irritability and stress: Prospective, bidirectional relationships in adolescence.

Background: Irritability is a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology and interpersonal problems in youth. However, there is little research on the role of life stress in irritability. The association between stress and irritability may be bidirectional, with irritability leading to stress exposure and stress aggravating irritability.

Matrix-free human lung organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to model lung injury.

Background: Organoids, as near-physiological 3D culture systems, offer new opportunities to study the pathogenesis of various organs in mimicking the cellular complexity and functionality of human organs.

Method: Here we used a quite simple and very practicable method to successfully generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human lung organoids (LuOrg) in a matrix-free manner as an alternative to the widely used preclinical mouse models in order to investigate normal lung damage in detail and as close as possible to the patient. We performed detailed morphological and molecular analyses, including bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, of generated lung organoids and evaluated the quality and robustness of our model as a potential in vitro platform for lung diseases, namely radiation-induced lung injury.

Social Media Activities and Affective Well-being in the Daily Life of Emerging Adults.

Previous work suggests that some social media (SM) activities may have detrimental effects on users' affective well-being, whereas other activities can be more adaptive. SM use is typically assessed with global or retrospective measures; it remains unclear how its relation with affect may play out in real-time and in regard to specific SM activities, as opposed to general SM use. The current study investigated the association between specific SM activities (posting, viewing others' posts, liking/commenting, checking replies to one's own posts, direct messaging) and concurrent positive and negative affect in a sample of  = 349 18-year-old emerging adults.

GABA receptor π forms channels that stimulate ERK through a G-protein-dependent pathway.

The rare γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor (GABAR) subunit π (GABRP) is highly expressed in certain cancers, where it stimulates growth through extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling by an uncharacterized pathway. To elucidate GABRP's signaling mechanism, we determined cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of GABRP embedded in native nanodiscs, both in the presence and absence of GABA. Structurally, GABRP homopentamers closely resemble heteropentameric GABAR anion channels, transitioning from a closed "resting" state to an open "active" state upon GABA binding.