Particle-based MR modeling with diffusion, microstructure, and enzymatic reactions.

Purpose: To develop a novel particle-based in silico MR model and demonstrate applications of this model to signal mechanisms which are affected by the spatial organization of particles, including metabolic reaction kinetics, microstructural effects on diffusion, and radiofrequency (RF) refocusing effects in gradient-echo sequences.

Methods: The model was developed by integrating a forward solution of the Bloch equations with a Brownian dynamics simulator. Simulation configurations were then designed to model MR signal dynamics of interest, with a primary focus on hyperpolarized C MRI methods.

Probing the energy barriers and stages of membrane protein unfolding using solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Understanding how the amino acid sequence dictates protein structure and defines its stability is a fundamental problem in molecular biology. It is especially challenging for membrane proteins that reside in the complex environment of a lipid bilayer. Here, we obtain an atomic-level picture of the thermally induced unfolding of a membrane-embedded α-helical protein, human aquaporin 1, using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma.

Explosivity in erupting volcanoes is controlled by the degassing dynamics and the viscosity of the ascending magma in the conduit. Magma crystallisation enhances both heterogeneous bubble nucleation and increases in magma bulk viscosity. Nanolite crystallisation has been suggested to enhance such processes too, but in a noticeably higher extent.

The porosity of felsic pyroclasts: laboratory validation of field-based approaches.

Unlabelled: Volcanic eruptions are driven by magma rising through Earth's crust. The style of an eruption depends on intrinsic and extrinsic parameters and is commonly a dynamic process. Thorough and holistic investigation of the related products is key to understanding eruptive phenomena and assessment of volcano-specific hazards.