Beta cell extracellular vesicle PD-L1 as a novel regulator of CD8 T cell activity and biomarker during the evolution of type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Surviving beta cells in type 1 diabetes respond to inflammation by upregulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to engage immune cell programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and limit destruction by self-reactive immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo can serve as biomarkers of beta cell health and contribute to islet intercellular communication. We hypothesised that the inflammatory milieu of type 1 diabetes increases PD-L1 in beta cell EV cargo and that EV PD-L1 may protect beta cells against immune-mediated cell death.

Beta cell extracellular vesicle PD-L1 as a novel regulator of CD8+ T cell activity and biomarker during the evolution of Type 1 Diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Surviving beta cells in type 1 diabetes respond to inflammation by upregulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to engage immune cell programmed death-1 (PD-1) and limit destruction by self-reactive immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo can serve as biomarkers of beta cell health and contribute to islet intercellular communication. We hypothesized that the inflammatory milieu of type 1 diabetes increases PD-L1 in beta cell EV cargo and that EV PD-L1 may protect beta cells against immune-mediated cell death.

NOVEL ECHOCARDIOGRAM ANALYSIS OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN PEDIATRIC SEPSIS.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to semiautomatically generate echocardiogram indices in pediatric sepsis using novel algorithms and determine which indices were associated with mortality. We hypothesized that strain and diastolic indices would be most associated with mortality. Design: Retrospective cohort study of children with sepsis from 2017 to 2022.

In Vivo Analysis of Tissue S-Nitrosothiols in Pediatric Sepsis.

S-nitrosothiols are endogenous, bioactive molecules. S-nitrosothiols are implicated in many diseases, including sepsis. It is currently cumbersome to measure S-nitrosothiols clinically.

Objectified kidney ultrasound echogenicity and size metrics as potential predictors for kidney function in children.

Background: Kidney echogenicity is typically determined subjectively but may have a quantifiable relationship to kidney function. Similarly, kidney length has been shown to correlate with kidney function. This study sought to quantify echogenicity using readily available software.