Clarifying complex inheritance: apolipoprotein C3 and atherosclerosis.

Purpose Of Review: To describe some steps in the progress in the molecular biology of a peptide, apolipoprotein C3; its gene mutations that render individuals susceptible or resistant to developing hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.

Recent Findings: Data that lead to the development of a new therapeutic agent volanesorsen.

Summary: The agent blocks the function of the mRNA of apolipoprotein C3 and successfully treats severe hypertriglyceridaemia in phase 3 trials (Ionis Pharmaceuticals).

The effect of manual and mechanical stimulation on oxytocin release and milking characteristics in Holstein cows milked 3 times daily.

Prestimulation administered to a cow before attachment of the milking unit has historically been performed manually. Development of innovative milking technology has allowed manual stimulation to be replaced by mechanical forms of stimulation. Holstein cows (n=30) were enrolled in a crossover design to determine the effect of manual stimulation (forestripping and drying) and high-vibration pulsation on oxytocin profiles, milk yield, milk flow rates, incidence of delayed milk ejection causing bimodal milk flow curves, and residual milk in Holstein cows milked 3 times daily (3×).

Identification of dairy farm management practices associated with the presence of psychrotolerant sporeformers in bulk tank milk.

Some strains of sporeforming bacteria (e.g., Bacillus spp.