Cannabis legalization and increasing cannabis use in the United States: Data from urine toxicology testing in emergency room patients.

Study Objectives: Rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) appear to be increasing nationally, with increases greater in states that legalized cannabis use. However, as legalization has progressed and stigma declined, some of these apparent increases could be due to greater willingness of survey respondents and patients to acknowledge cannabis involvement. Biological indicators of cannabis use overcome some concerns about trends denoted by self-report data whose validity is potentially changing over time.

Sustained IFN Signature Suppression with Anifrolumab in a SAVI patient Refractory to JAK Inhibitor and Dazukibart Therapy.

Objective: To report the efficacy and safety of interferon-β (IFNβ) neutralizing monoclonal antibody (dazukibart), followed by treatment with anti-IFNAR1 antibody (anifrolumab), in a patient with STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) who had vasculitic ulcers and systemic inflammation refractory to Janus kinase inhibition (JAKi).

Methods: A SAVI patient with a de novo STING1 p.(Asn154Ser) mutation, a known pathogenic variant, and uncontrolled disease received twenty-one doses of dazukibart under a compassionate use investigational new drug (IND) protocol, followed by treatment with the anti-IFNAR1 antibody anifrolumab.

Expanding protected area coverage for migratory birds could improve long-term population trends.

Populations of many migratory taxa have been declining over recent decades. Although protected areas are a cornerstone for conservation, their role in protecting migratory species can be incomplete due to the dynamic distributions of these species. Here, we use a pan-European citizen science bird occurrence dataset (EurobirdPortal) with Spatiotemporal Exploratory Modelling to assess how the weekly distributions of 30 passerine and near passerine species overlap with protected areas in Europe and compare this to range adjusted policy protection targets.

Lack of Clinical Prognostic Power for Ventilated Critical COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Prognostication is complex in patients critically ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objectives: To describe the natural history of ventilated critical COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Due to our legal milieu, active withdrawal of care is not permitted, providing an opportunity to examine the natural history of ventilated critical COVID-19 patients.

Functional assays for the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections that are attributed to reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a multi-component enzyme complex known as the phagocyte NADPH oxidase or NOX2. Presented in this review are descriptions of several assays that assess the production of ROS as well as assays that characterize the expression of specific proteins of NOX2.