[The genetic determination and function of RR-proteins--the regulators of photoperiodic reaction and circadian rhythms in plants].

The present review devoted to the analysis of recent literature on genetic determination and the domain organization of the newly discovered two-component signaling systems in pro- and eukaryotes. These structures are involved in the regulation of numerous morphological and physiological processes in plants. RR-proteins, it the key elements of signaling systems, they launch a cascade of phosphotransferase reactions and directly or indirectly regulate the transcription and activity other proteins, including enzymes, in response to hormones or environmental factors.

[Oxidoreductase expression and protein storage in winter and spring cereals under extremal temperature condition].

Cultivation of wheat and barley plants under temperature stress fluctuations was the reason of reduction of acid protein common storage in the tissues more than 25% and the reason of reduction of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase common activities. There were no changes of common phenoloxidase activity. Activity redistribution between separate fractions of enzyme spectra were linked with enzyme expression changes.

[Evaluation of enzyme multiple forms spectra using the index of system diversity level].

Comparative estimation of the most widely used indexes of the system diversity has been carried out using model electrophoretic spectra. The basic requirements to the diversity index of electrophoretic spectra are formulated. A formula for the estimation of the level of spectra diversity of multiple forms on the basis of synthesis of the Ashby complication of the system index and the Simpson index is offered.

[Problems of formation of genetic coadaptation during creation of synthetic genotypes].

In the review the problems of restoration of genetic coadaptation in some agricultural crops under creation of synthetic genotypes using sexual hybridization and transgenosis are considered. On the basis of the study of multiple molecular forms of the enzymes, the mechanisms of formation of adaptive complexes of genes (ACG) are traced. Cytogenetic mechanisms interfering stabilization of synthetic genotypes are considered.

[Conjugation resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe with multiple molecular forms of some enzymes in winter wheat].

Electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.

[Changes of gene expression in Solanum tuberosum L. as a result of transgenes].

Potato plants of various cultivars, transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with pGV941 plasmid, differed from control plants in glyphosate herbicide tolerance, tryptophane content, intensity of callusogenesis, microtuber formation in vitro and multimolecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.

[Effect of various compounds on electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase].

The effect of different reagents to colour intensity on PAA gel bands using benzidine was studied. All the investigated reagents were divided into three groups 1) reagents with no effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms colour intensity; 2) those relatively equally decreasing colour intensity; 3) selective effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms. Ferulic, ascorbic and indole-3-acetic acids, phloroglucin and hydroquinone are most interesting in our investigation.

[A method for obtaining the normalized cDNA libraries based on the effect of suppression of polymerase chain reaction].

A new efficient method for obtaining cDNA libraries with equal representation of all cDNA types (equalized libraries) in a single round of equalization was developed. The method is based on differences in the renaturation kinetics of double-stranded cDNAs of different genes and allow the selection of the equalized single-stranded fraction resulted from the incomplete reassociation of the total cDNA without laborious and inefficient physical separation. The equalized single-stranded fractions are selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

[Analysis of effectiveness of cDNA synthesis, induced using complementary primers and primers containing a noncomplementary base matrix].

We have studied the efficiency of DNA synthesis catalyzed by M-MLV reverse transcriptase or Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase for primers (4-17 nucleotides long) either completely matched or possessing a single mismatched base pair at all possible positions in the primer. It has been shown that DNA synthesis efficiency depends not only on the position of mismatched base pair but on the length and primary structure of the primer. The enzyme, template, and primer concentrations determine the relative level of mismatched DNA synthesis.

[Derivatives of ddUTP, modified at the 5-position of uridine, as substrate terminators of reverse transcriptase. Hydrolysis of oligonucleotides, terminated by these analogs, by phosphodiesterase I].

Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate analogues with fluorescent and biotin residues at C5 of uracil base was carried out. The substrate properties of these analogues were studied with AMV, M-MLV, and HIV reverse transcriptase. All 5-derivatives studied were shown to be incorporated into the 3'-terminus of oligonucleotide.

[Quantitative analysis of individual RNA in preparations of poly(A)+-RNA mammalian cells].

A new method of simultaneous analysis of the relative abundance of the most abundant individual mRNA's in poly(A)(+)-RNA preparations is described. The method is based on the synthesis of short (10-20 nucleotides) cDNA products by reverse transcription of poly(A)(+)-RNA primed with 5'-labeled oligonucleotides of 9 nucleotide lengths. Three natural nucleotides and one terminator nucleotide are used as substrates for reverse transcriptase.

[Molecular structure of plant genomes].

The genome structure of several species of Graminea and Drosophila was investigated by DNA renaturation method. Kinetics of DNA reassociation was studied by direct optical scanning and the data obout Cot curve were analized by an improved computer programm "Finger". Differences between structure DNA animals and plants are shown.