Multimodal Sleep Apnea Detection with Missing or Noisy Modalities.

Polysomnography (PSG) is a type of sleep study that records multimodal physiological signals and is widely used for purposes such as sleep staging and respiratory event detection. Conventional machine learning methods assume that each sleep study is associated with a fixed set of observed modalities and that all modalities are available for each sample. However, noisy and missing modalities are a common issue in real-world clinical settings.

Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits.

To solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers probably need to incorporate quantum error correction, in which a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance d = 5 (ref.

Root caries: Prevalence, risk indicators, and clinical characteristics - A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of root caries (RC) in South Coastal population of India, to identify the risk indicators associated with it and to describe some clinical characteristics of RC lesions.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 1062 subjects to assess the prevalence of RC. Each subject underwent an oral examination, performed by a single-calibrated examiner.

Toe-in and toe-out gait retraining interventions for individuals with knee osteoarthritis trial: A pilot randomised clinical trial.

Background: Gait retraining, through altering foot progression angle, has the potential to reduce pain and offload the medial tibiofemoral compartment in people with knee osteoarthritis. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of toe-in and toe-out gait retraining on self-reported pain and physical function, and proxy measures of medial knee load, in individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Twenty participants with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to receive either toe-in or toe-out gait retraining for six-weeks, consisting of weekly clinician-supervised sessions and ≥ 30 min of daily self-practice.

Orexinergic modulation of chronic jet lag-induced deficits in mouse cognitive flexibility.

Cognitive flexibility and working memory are important executive functions mediated by the prefrontal cortex and can be impaired by circadian rhythm disturbances such as chronic jet lag (CJL) or shift work. In the present study, we used mice to investigate whether (1) simulated CJL impairs cognitive flexibility, (2) the orexin system is involved in such impairment, and (3) nasal administration of orexin A is able to reverse CJL-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility and working memory. Mice were exposed to either standard light-dark conditions or simulated CJL consisting of series of advance time shifts.

Building the OAChangeMap to Improve the Service Delivery of the New South Wales Osteoarthritis Chronic Care Program: A Worked Example of Using a Codesign Framework.

Objective: The Osteoarthritis Chronic Care Program (OACCP) has been implemented in Australian public hospitals to deliver best evidence osteoarthritis (OA) care. It is important to ensure that the OACCP continues to deliver evidence-based OA care as intended. We aimed to identify barriers and enablers to delivering the OACCP, prioritize the barriers, and generate strategies to address them.

HLA A*24:02-restricted T cell receptors cross-recognize bacterial and preproinsulin peptides in type 1 diabetes.

CD8+ T cells destroy insulin-producing pancreatic β cells in type 1 diabetes through HLA class I-restricted presentation of self-antigens. Combinatorial peptide library screening was used to produce a preferred peptide recognition landscape for a patient-derived T cell receptor (TCR) that recognized the preproinsulin-derived (PPI-derived) peptide sequence LWMRLLPLL in the context of disease risk allele HLA A*24:02. Data were used to generate a strong superagonist peptide, enabling production of an autoimmune HLA A*24:02-peptide-TCR structure by crystal seeding.

Public health use and lessons learned from a statewide SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring program (MiNET).

The global SARS-CoV-2 monitoring effort has been extensive, resulting in many states and countries establishing wastewater-based epidemiology programs to address the spread of the virus during the pandemic. Challenges for programs include concurrently optimizing methods, training new laboratories, and implementing successful surveillance programs that can rapidly translate results for public health, and policy making. Surveillance in Michigan early in the pandemic in 2020 highlights the importance of quality-controlled data and explores correlations with wastewater and clinical case data aggregated at the state level.

Self-efficacy and home dialysis: An integrative review.

Background: Enhancing patient confidence in their ability (self-efficacy) is vital to ensure people are equipped to maintain home dialysis protocols. Bandura's social cognitive theory provided a framework for understanding the role of self-efficacy in patients managing home dialysis.

Objectives: To identify self-reported levels of self-efficacy, the measurements used to assess self-efficacy and the effectiveness of interventions to enhance self-efficacy in patients undergoing home dialysis.

Exploring health equity integration among health service and delivery systems in Nova Scotia: perspectives of health system partners.

Background: Achieving health equity is important to improve population health; however, health equity is not typically well defined, integrated, or measured within health service and delivery systems. To improve population health, it is necessary to understand barriers and facilitators to health equity integration within health service and delivery systems. This study aimed to explore health equity integration among health systems workers and identify key barriers and facilitators to implementing health equity strategies within the health service and delivery system in Nova Scotia, ahead of the release of a Health Equity Framework, focused on addressing inequities within publicly funded institutions.

Improved Mechanical Performance in FDM Cellular Frame Structures through Partial Incorporation of Faces.

The utilization of lattice-type cellular architectures has seen a significant increase, owing to their predictable shape and the ability to fabricate templated porous materials through low-cost 3D-printing methods. Frames based on atomic lattice structures such as face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), or simple cubic (SC) have been utilized. In FDM, the mechanical performance has been impeded by stress concentration at the nodes and melt-solidification interfaces arising from layer-by-layer deposition.

Battle of the Bites: The Effect of Sewage Effluent Exposure on Mosquitofish Biocontrol of Mosquitoes in Residential Louisiana.

Mosquitofish, , are eponymous larval mosquito predators. Their ability to colonize and survive in habitats that are uninhabitable by other potential predators allows them to naturally manage larval mosquito populations in most ground pools they are present in. However, effluent from residential onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) appears to limit the presence of fish predators.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between single metal-ceramic and zirconia crowns.

Statement Of Problem: Evidence comparing the survival of zirconia crowns with metal-ceramic crowns is sparse. Knowledge of their survival and a comparison of their clinical outcomes would improve clinical decision making.

Purpose: The purpose of this university-based study was to compare the survival, failures, biological and technical complications encountered with zirconia and metal-ceramic crowns restored and followed up over a similar period.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a novel somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist, ZT-01, for hypoglycemia prevention in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes.

Elevated levels of somatostatin blunt glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and this can be improved using somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) antagonists. Hypoglycemia also occurs in late-stage type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly when insulin therapy is initiated, but the utility of SSTR2 antagonists in ameliorating hypoglycemia in this disease state is unknown. We examined the efficacy of a single-dose of SSTR2 antagonists in a rodent model of T2D.

Long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater using a coordinated workflow of droplet digital PCR and nanopore sequencing.

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genome sequencing are important methods for wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The reverse transcription-droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) is a highly sensitive method for quantifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples to track the trends of viral activity levels but cannot identify new variants. It also takes time to develop new PCR-based assays targeting variants of interest.

Lake Erie ice is a repository of organisms.

Organism abundance and diversity were assessed in Lake Erie ice samples using sequences derived from a combined metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis. The 68,417 unique sequences were from Bacteria (77.5%), Eukarya (22.

Pharmacologic inhibition of somatostatin receptor 2 to restore glucagon counterregulation in diabetes.

Glucose homeostasis is primarily maintained by pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, with an emerging role for a third islet hormone, somatostatin, in regulating insulin and glucagon responses. Under healthy conditions, somatostatin secreted from pancreatic islet δ-cells inhibits both insulin and glucagon release through somatostatin receptor- induced cAMP-mediated downregulation and paracrine inhibition of β- and α-cells, respectively. Since glucagon is the body's most important anti-hypoglycemic hormone, and because glucagon counterregulation to hypoglycemia is lost in diabetes, the study of somatostatin biology has led to new investigational medications now in development that may help to restore glucagon counterregulation in type 1 diabetes.

Safe sites for buccal shelf bone screw placement in various skeletal malocclusions: A CBCT study.

Introduction: The mandibular buccal shelf area is an extra-alveolar anchorage site that has high quality and quantity of bone, provides biomechanical benefits and has low failure rates. It is essential to place the implant in the region of bone with optimal thickness. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable site of the mandibular buccal shelf for bone screw insertion at 90 degrees and 30 degrees angles of insertion and various heights, angulations, areas of the buccal shelf in prognathic and retrognathic mandibles, and vertical and horizontal growth patterns.

Fusing modalities by multiplexed graph neural networks for outcome prediction from medical data and beyond.

With the emergence of multimodal electronic health records, the evidence for diseases, events, or findings may be present across multiple modalities ranging from clinical to imaging and genomic data. Developing effective patient-tailored therapeutic guidance and outcome prediction will require fusing evidence across these modalities. Developing general-purpose frameworks capable of modeling fine-grained and multi-faceted complex interactions, both within and across modalities is an important open problem in multimodal fusion.