Heat sensitization of hepatitis A virus and Tulane virus using grape seed extract, gingerol and curcumin.

Human noroviruses (HNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are predominantly linked to foodborne outbreaks worldwide. As cell-culture systems to propagate HNoV in laboratories are not easily available, Tulane virus (TV) is used as a cultivable HNoV surrogate to determine inactivation. Heat-sensitization of HAV and TV by "generally recognized as safe'' (GRAS) substances can potentially reduce their time-temperature inactivation parameters during processing to ensure food safety.

National Utilization of Surgery and Outcomes for Primary Tracheal Cancer in the United States.

Background: Tracheal cancer (TC) is a rare disease, and surgical treatment requires a high level of expertise. We sought to determine the treatment patterns and surgical outcomes of TC in the United States.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for all cases of primary invasive TC without distant metastatic disease between 2004 and 2015.

Perineural invasion predicts for locoregional failure in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Aim: The prognostic significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is unclear. We examined the association of PNI with clinical outcomes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery.

Methods: We performed a single institutional retrospective study.

Is mere exposure enough? The effects of bilingual environments on infant cognitive development.

Bilinguals purportedly outperform monolinguals in non-verbal tasks of cognitive control (the 'bilingual advantage'). The most common explanation is that managing two languages during language production constantly draws upon, and thus strengthens, domain-general inhibitory mechanisms (Green 1998 , 67-81. (doi:10.

Prognostic value and therapeutic implications of expanded molecular testing for resected early stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic and potential therapeutic value of expanded molecular testing of resected early-stage lung ACA.

Methods: We analyzed 324 patients who underwent lobectomy and lymphadenectomy for clinical Stage I&II lung ACA between 2011-2017. Molecular testing was routinely performed, first by PCR-based Sanger sequencing and FISH and then expanded to a 20 and then 50-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel.

Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Approximately 188 million people use cannabis yearly worldwide, and it has recently been legalised in 11 US states, Canada, and Uruguay for recreational use. The potential for increased cannabis use highlights the need to better understand its risks, including the acute induction of psychotic and other psychiatric symptoms. We aimed to investigate the effect of the cannabis constituent Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone and in combination with cannabidiol (CBD) compared with placebo on psychiatric symptoms in healthy people.

A Cost-Utility Analysis of Magnetic Resonance (MR) Guided Brachytherapy Versus Two-Dimensional and Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer.

Purpose: The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is external beam radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin followed by brachytherapy. Traditionally, 2-dimensional brachytherapy (2DBT) or computed tomography guided brachytherapy (CTgBT) has been used, but magnetic resonance guided brachytherapy (MRgBT) improves clinical outcomes and has become the new standard of care. This cost-utility analysis was undertaken to compare MRgBT to CTgBT and 2DBT.

Automatic prostate segmentation using deep learning on clinically diverse 3D transrectal ultrasound images.

Purpose: Needle-based procedures for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer, such as biopsy and brachytherapy, have incorporated three-dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging to improve needle guidance. Using these images effectively typically requires the physician to manually segment the prostate to define the margins used for accurate registration, targeting, and other guidance techniques. However, manual prostate segmentation is a time-consuming and difficult intraoperative process, often occurring while the patient is under sedation (biopsy) or anesthetic (brachytherapy).

Attentional abilities constrain language development: A cross-syndrome infant/toddler study.

Typically developing (TD) infants adapt to the social world in part by shifting the focus of their processing resources to the relevant aspects of a visual scene. Any impairment in visual orienting may therefore constrain learning and development in domains such as language. However, although something is known about visual orienting in infants at risk of autism, very little is known about it in infants/toddlers with other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans.

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is known to modulate immune response in peripheral blood cells. The mechanisms of THC's effects on gene expression in human immune cells remains poorly understood. Combining a within-subject design with single cell transcriptome mapping, we report that THC acutely alters gene expression in 15,973 blood cells.

Accessing surgical care for esophageal cancer: patient travel patterns to reach higher volume center.

While better outcomes at high-volume surgical centers have driven the regionalization of complex surgical care, access to high-volume centers often requires travel over longer distances. We sought to evaluate the travel patterns among patients undergoing esophagectomy to assess willingness of patients to travel for surgical care. The California Office of Statewide Health Planning database was used to identify patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2005 and 2016.

Modulation of the antidepressant effects of ketamine by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin.

Twenty-four hours after administration, ketamine exerts rapid and robust antidepressant effects that are thought to be mediated by activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). To test this hypothesis, depressed patients were pretreated with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, prior to receiving ketamine. Twenty patients suffering a major depressive episode were randomized to pretreatment with oral rapamycin (6 mg) or placebo 2 h prior to the intravenous administration of ketamine 0.

The EngCP endo α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase is a virulence factor involved in Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene infections.

Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of human clostridial myonecrosis; the major toxins involved in this disease are α-toxin and perfringolysin O. The RevSR two-component regulatory system has been shown to be involved in regulating virulence in a mouse myonecrosis model. Previous microarray and RNAseq analysis of a revR mutant implied that factors other than the major toxins may play a role in virulence.

A Phase II Multi-institutional Clinical Trial Assessing Fractionated Simultaneous In-Field Boost Radiotherapy for Brain Oligometastases.

Purpose/Objective Published preclinical and phase I clinical trial data suggest that fractionated lesional radiotherapy with 60 Gy in 10 fractions can serve as an alternative approach to single fraction radiosurgical boost for brain oligometastases.  Methods and Materials A phase II clinical trial (NCT01543542) of a total of 60 Gy in 10 fractions of lesional (one to three) radiotherapy (given simultaneously with whole-brain helical tomotherapy with 30 Gy in 10 fractions) was conducted at five institutions. We hypothesized that fractionated radiotherapy would be considered unsuitable if the median overall survival (OS) was degraded by two months or if six-month intracranial control (ICC) and intracranial lesion (ILC) were inferior by 10% compared with the published RTOG 9508 results.

Sleep is atypical across neurodevelopmental disorders in infants and toddlers: A cross-syndrome study.

This cross-syndrome study focuses on sleep and its relationship with language development. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders present with language delay. Typical language development is constrained by numerous factors including sleep.

In vivo 5-HT and 5-HT receptor availability in antipsychotic treated schizophrenia patients vs. unmedicated healthy humans measured with [C]GSK215083 PET.

While 5-HT receptor is a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ), in vivo 5-HT receptor availability following antipsychotic treatment has not been examined to-date. We examined the availability of 5-HT and 5-HT receptors following treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and quetiapine in male patients with SCZ vs unmedicated age-matched healthy male controls (HC) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [C]GSK215083. [C]GSK215083 has been shown to have selectivity for 5-HT in the striatum and 5-HT in the cortex.

Impact of Non-Confinement Accommodation on Farrowing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Farrowing Crates Versus Pens.

There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of farrowing house accommodation on piglet performance. The aim of this investigation was to use a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarise the results of publications that focused on direct comparisons between full confinement conventional crates and various designs of loose-housed farrowing pens from loading until weaning. Literature searches in Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, Cab Abstracts, and Web of Science identified 6695 articles.

Exposure Risk Events in 10 Clinical Laboratories, New York City, USA, 2015 to 2017.

From 2015 to 2017, 11 confirmed brucellosis cases were reported in New York City, leading to 10 exposure risk events ( events) in 7 clinical laboratories (CLs). Most patients had traveled to countries where brucellosis is endemic and presented with histories and findings consistent with brucellosis. CLs were not notified that specimens might yield a hazardous organism, as the clinicians did not consider brucellosis until they were notified that bacteremia with was suspected.

Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes After Robotic Lobectomy for Early-stage Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer Versus Video-assisted Thoracoscopic and Open Thoracotomy Approach.

Background: Although robotic-assisted lobectomy has been increasingly used for resection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the long-term oncologic outcomes compared with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and the open thoracotomy approach have remained ill-defined.

Patients And Methods: Society of Thoracic Surgeons outcomes data and surveillance records of patients with stage I-IIIa NSCLC who had undergone lobectomy by robotic-assisted, VATS, or the open approach at a single center from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. Propensity score adjustment by inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the baseline characteristics.