Diffusion Correction in Fricke Hydrogel Dosimeters: A Deep Learning Approach with 2D and 3D Physics-Informed Neural Network Models.

In this work an innovative approach was developed to address a significant challenge in the field of radiation dosimetry: the accurate measurement of spatial dose distributions using Fricke gel dosimeters. Hydrogels are widely used in radiation dosimetry due to their ability to simulate the tissue-equivalent properties of human tissue, making them ideal for measuring and mapping radiation dose distributions. Among the various gel dosimeters, Fricke gels exploit the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions and are particularly notable due to their sensitivity.

Synthesis of novel fatty acid 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1)-one and antitumoral activity against breast and gastric cancer cells.

Monastrol is the best-known small compound from the dihydropyrimidinones/thiones (DHPMs) heterocycle family, a cell-permeable molecule recognized as an inhibitor of mitotic kinesin Eg5, that is over-expressed in tumor cells and is a very promising target for the development of new drugs for cancer. The lipophilic properties of the DHPMs have been demonstrated to be of pivotal importance in the design of new molecules. This work describes the synthesis and antitumoral activity of novel C5-substituted fatty-DHPMs against breast and gastric cancer cell lines.

Comprehensive dosimetric characterization of novel silicon carbide detectors with UHDR electron beams for FLASH radiotherapy.

Background: The extremely fast delivery of doses with ultra high dose rate (UHDR) beams necessitates the investigation of novel approaches for real-time dosimetry and beam monitoring. This aspect is fundamental in the perspective of the clinical application of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), as conventional dosimeters tend to saturate at such extreme dose rates.

Purpose: This study aims to experimentally characterize newly developed silicon carbide (SiC) detectors of various active volumes at UHDRs and systematically assesses their response to establish their suitability for dosimetry in FLASH-RT.

Improvement of neutron sensitivity for lithium formate EPR dosemeters: a Monte Carlo analysis.

This work presents the computational analysis of the sensitivity improvements that could be achieved in lithium formate monohydrate (LFM) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosemeters exposed to neutron beams. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed on LFM pellets exposed to neutron beams with different energy spectra at various depths inside a water phantom. Various computations were carried out by considering different enrichments of 6Li inside the LFM matrix as well as addition of different amounts of gadolinium oxide inside the pellet blend.

RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: Inter-Assay Comparison of Eight Dosimetry Assays.

Tools for radiation exposure reconstruction are required to support the medical management of radiation victims in radiological or nuclear incidents. Different biological and physical dosimetry assays can be used for various exposure scenarios to estimate the dose of ionizing radiation a person has absorbed. Regular validation of the techniques through inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) is essential to guarantee high quality results.

Application of H HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolite Fingerprinting of Marine Microalgae.

Natural products from the marine environment as well as microalgae, have been known for the complexity of the metabolites they produce due to their adaptability to different environmental conditions, which has been an inexhaustible source of several bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, and antimicrobial. This study aims to characterize the main metabolites of three species of microalgae (, and ), which have important applications in the biofuel and nutrition industries, by H High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (H HR-MAS NMR), a method which is non-destructive, is highly reproducible, and requires minimal sample preparation. Even though the three species were found in the same ecosystem and a superior production of lipid compounds was observed, important differences were identified in relation to the production of specialized metabolites.

Organocatalytic Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 1,2,3-triazoles Derived from Fatty β-ketoesters.

Background: Developing methods to synthesize highly functionalized and complex 1,2,3- triazoles from various combinations of substrates remains a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, an organocatalytic approach to synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles derived from fatty acids has not been explored.

Objective: In this sense, we describe here the organocatalyzed synthesis and preliminary results of antitumor and cytotoxic activity of a range of 1,2,3-triazoles derived from fatty esters.

Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros muelleri.

Microalgae, due to its rapid growth, low nutritional requirements, and versatility of adaptation to different environmental conditions, has aroused the biotechnological interest, synthesizing novel molecules with antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. In this sense, we carried out the bioprospection of Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom employed in aquaculture, as a candidate to the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. The chemical profile of extracts in different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone) were analyzed by H-NMR.

Lipid Nanocarriers-Loaded Nanocomposite as a Suitable Platform to Release Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents for Immediate Dental Implant Placement Restorative Treatment.

Immediate implant placement is a single-stage restorative approach for missing teeth widely used to overcome the ridge remodeling process occurring after dental extractions. The success of this procedure relies on opportune osseointegration in the surrounding tissues. To support this process, a multifunctional nanocomposite, to be applied in the fresh post-extraction socket, was here designed, prepared, and characterized.

Assessment of contamination of in imported black pepper and sesame seed and salmonella inactivation by gamma irradiation.

This study shows the frequency of seeds samples contaminated by spp. collected randomly from local markets; on 30 black pepper sample no contaminated sample was found while spp. was detected in 3 of 36 (8.

Characterization data and kinetic studies of novel lipophilic analogues from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Propanil herbicides.

This work describes the data collection of new lipophilic esters and amides herbicides, analogues to 24dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Propanil. The data include H and C NMR spectra and UV-VIS spectroscopic experiments, from the work "Novel lipophilic analogues from 2,4-D and Propanil herbicides: Biological activity and kinetic studies". The UV-VIS and H NMR spectra were employed to kinetic degradation design, and could be used to access new herbicides derivatives with better environmental properties.

Novel lipophilic analogues from 2,4-D and Propanil herbicides: Biological activity and kinetic studies.

This work describes the synthesis of new lipophilic amides and esters analogues of classical organochlorides herbicides by incorporation of long-chains from fatty acids and derivatives. The new fatty esters and amides were synthesized in 96-99% and 80-89% yields, respectively. In general, all compounds tested showed superior in vitro activity than commercial herbicides against growth L.

Antibacterial PEGylated Solid Lipid Microparticles for Cosmeceutical Purpose: Formulation, Characterization, and Efficacy Evaluation.

The development of efficacious means of delivering antioxidant polyphenols from natural sources for the treatment of skin diseases is of great interest for many cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies. Resveratrol (RSV) and Limonene (LIM) have been shown to possess good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties against infections responsible for many skin disorders, such as acne vulgaris. In this study, solid lipid microparticles are designed as composite vehicles capable of encapsulating a high amount of trans-RSV and enhancing its absorption through the stratum corneum.

Quality evaluation of extra-virgin olive oils from Sicilian genotypes grown in a high-density system.

Studying the sensory profile and chemical composition of monovarietal extra-virgin olive oils (EVOOs) is important to define and manage their quality and uniqueness. Chemical and sensory traits of olive oils from 14 minor Sicilian olive genotypes in comparison with oils from six major Sicilian and three international cultivars were analysed. Oils were extracted in 2015 from fruit of the 23 genotypes grown in an experimental orchard at a planting density of 1140 trees ha.

Protective role of the novel hybrid 3,5-dipalmitoyl-nifedipine in a cardiomyoblast culture subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion.

This work investigated the acute effects of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine and its new fatty hybrid derived from palmitic acid, 3,5-dipalmitoyl-nifedipine, compared to endocannabinoid anandamide during the process of inducing ischemia and reperfusion in cardiomyoblast H9c2 heart cells. The cardiomyoblasts were treated in 24 or 96-well plates (according to the test being performed) and maintaining the treatment until the end of hypoxia induction. The molecules were tested at concentrations of 10 and 100μM, cells were treated 24h after assembling the experimental plates and immediately before the I/R.

Fatty-monastrol derivatives and its cytotoxic effect against melanoma cell growth.

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer due to the occurrence of metastases. This work is aimed at studying the effects of the insertion of palmitic and oleic acid chain into monastrol in the melanoma cell line, B16F10. Cells were treated with monastrol, palmitic-monastrol or oleic-monastrol for periods of 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, and the cytotoxic effect was observed for palmitic-monastrol and oleic-monastrol after 24 h.

Toxocara canis: Larvicidal activity of fatty acid amides.

Considering the therapeutic potential of fatty acid amides, the present study aimed to evaluate their in vitro activity against Toxocara canis larvae and their cytotoxicity for the first time. Linoleylpyrrolidilamide was the most potent, with a minimal larvicidal concentration (MLC) of 0.05 mg/mL and 27% cytotoxicity against murine peritoneal macrophages C57BL/6 mice, as assessed by the MTT assay.

Antiproliferative activity of synthetic fatty acid amides from renewable resources.

In the work, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of a series of synthetic fatty acid amides were investigated in seven cancer cell lines. The study revealed that most of the compounds showed antiproliferative activity against tested tumor cell lines, mainly on human glioma cells (U251) and human ovarian cancer cells with a multiple drug-resistant phenotype (NCI-ADR/RES). In addition, the fatty methyl benzylamide derived from ricinoleic acid (with the fatty acid obtained from castor oil, a renewable resource) showed a high selectivity with potent growth inhibition and cell death for the glioma cell line-the most aggressive CNS cancer.

Mycotoxin contamination of animal feedingstuff: detoxification by gamma-irradiation and reduction of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A concentrations.

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites identified in many agricultural products screened for toxigenic moulds. They have been reported to be carcinogenic, teratogenic, tremorogenic, haemorrhagic and dermatitic to a wide range of organisms. With the increasing stringent regulations for mycotoxins imposed by importing countries such as those of the European Union, many cereals that are not safe for human consumption are used in formulations intended for animal feed.

Extraction and characterization of lipids from Sarcocornia ambigua meal: a halophyte biomass produced with shrimp farm effluent irrigation.

Sarcocornia ambigua is a perennial glasswort, native of South America and a potential new seed-oil crop and forage for direct irrigation with salt water. Small seeds develop inside fertile segments of its cylindrical leafless shoots and, at the harvest, seeds are typically mixed with remnant cellulose material difficult to separate. This work evaluated different extraction methods and the composition of total esterified fatty acids in a meal of ground fertile shoots of S.

Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid derivatives from renewable fatty acids.

This work describes the synthesis of a series of fatty acid hydrazide derivatives of isoniazid (INH). The compounds were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) as well as INH-resistant (ATCC 35822 and 1896 HF) and rifampicin-resistant (ATCC 35338) M. tuberculosis strains.

Fatty acids composition in seeds of the South American glasswort Sarcocornia ambigua.

Sarcocornia ambigua (Michx.) M.A.

Sensitivity of alanine dosimeters with gadolinium exposed to 6 MV photons at clinical doses.

In this study we analyzed the ESR signal of alanine dosimeters with gadolinium exposed to 6 MV linear accelerator photons. We observed that the addition of gadolinium brings about an improvement in the sensitivity to photons because of its high atomic number. The experimental data indicated that the addition of gadolinium increases the sensitivity of the alanine to 6 MV photons.