Perspectives and Behaviors of People with Diabetes toward Time in Range and Glucose Control in Diabetes Management: An Online Survey.

Introduction: This study assessed experiences, attitudes, and behaviors of people with diabetes (PwD) regarding diabetes self-management and glucose control, and their level of awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward time in range (TIR).

Methods: This quantitative survey was conducted using an online questionnaire across seven countries. Respondents were PwD classified into three subgroups: type 1 (T1), type 2 insulin (T2 insulin), and type 2 not on insulin (T2 N/insulin).

In praise of empathic AI.

In this article we investigate the societal implications of empathic artificial intelligence (AI), asking how its seemingly empathic expressions make people feel. We highlight AI's unique ability to simulate empathy without the same biases that afflict humans. While acknowledging serious pitfalls, we propose that AI expressions of empathy could improve human welfare.

Higher Derived Time in Range With IDegLira Versus Insulin Glargine U100 in People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Derived time in range (dTIR), calculated from self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG-dTIR) profiles, has demonstrated correlation with risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications. This post hoc analysis of the DUAL V and DUAL VIII trials aimed to compare dTIR with an insulin degludec/liraglutide fixed-ratio combination (IDegLira) versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: Nine-point SMBG profiles were taken more than 24 hours at baseline and end of trial (EOT: 26 weeks [DUAL V] and 104 weeks [DUAL VIII]) and used to derive the percentage of readings within target range (70-180 mg/dL).

SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing for departing passengers at Vancouver International Airport.

Here, we show that point-of-care rapid antigen testing for COVID-19 is feasible to implement in the departure areas of a major airports for same-day travelers and effective in ruling out possible carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic air travelers. This strategy may help to reduce the spread of COVID-19 via air travel.

Peak expiratory flow in the standing and sitting positions is equivalent in adults: a cross-over study.

Background: It is uncertain whether peak flow measurement is best done in the standing or sitting position.

Methods: In this cross-over study, study participants were randomized to perform the initial peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurement in either standing or sitting position. The highest of three readings in each position were compared using paired t-test.

Rationalization and self-sabotage.

In making the case that "rationalization is rational," Cushman downplays its signature liability: Rationalization exposes a person to the hazard of delusion and self-sabotage. In paradigm cases, rationalization undermines instrumental rationality by introducing inaccuracies into the representational map required for planning and effective agency.

Focal epilepsy caused by single cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is associated with regional and global resting state functional connectivity (FC) disruption.

Epilepsy, including the type with focal onset, is increasingly viewed as a disorder of the brain network. Here we employed the functional connectivity (FC) metrics estimated from the resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to investigate the changes of brain network associated with focal epilepsy caused by single cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). Eight CCM subjects and 21 age and gender matched controls were enrolled in the study.

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty versus Hemiarthroplasty for the Management of Complex Proximal Humeral Fractures in the Elderly.

Background: There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal surgical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) compared with hemiarthroplasty (HA) in the management of complex proximal humeral fractures, using a cost-utility analysis.

Methods: On the basis of data from published literature, a cost-utility analysis was conducted using decision tree and Markov modeling.

Trends in unintentional injury mortality in Canadian children 1950-2009 and association with selected population-level interventions.

Objectives: To examine unintentional injury mortality rates in children (0-19 years) in Canada from 1950 to 2009 against national population-level injury prevention interventions.

Methods: Injury mortality rates were age and sex adjusted. Changes in trend and level of mortality rates were assessed at pre-specified intervention periods using segmented linear regression analyses for interrupted time series.

NATIVE-It's Your Game: Adapting a Technology-Based Sexual Health Curriculum for American Indian and Alaska Native youth.

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) and birth rates among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth indicate a need for effective middle school HIV/STI and pregnancy prevention curricula to delay, or mitigate, the consequences of early sexual activity. While effective curricula exist, there is a dearth of curricula with content salient to AI/AN youth. Further, there is a lack of sexual health curricula that take advantage of the motivational appeal, reach, and fidelity of communication technology for this population, who are sophisticated technology users.

The Fate of Primary Nonrefluxing Megaureter: A Prospective Outcome Analysis of the Rate of Urinary Tract Infections, Surgical Indications and Time to Resolution.

Purpose: We examined data on a cohort of patients with primary nonrefluxing megaureter to determine risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection, indications for surgery and time to resolution.

Materials And Methods: The records of patients younger than 24 months with primary nonrefluxing megaureter were prospectively captured from 2008 to 2015. Six a priori defined variables were studied, including gender, circumcision status, hydronephrosis SFU (Society for Fetal Urology) grade (low--1 and 2 vs high--3 and 4), continuous antibiotic prophylaxis use, ureteral dilatation (greater than 11 mm) and tortuosity.

Why should medical students study Social Gerontology?

The General Medical Council (GMC) provides a core curriculum for all medical degrees in the UK. However, these guidelines do not provide in-depth, specific learning outcomes for the various medical specialties. Recognising our ageing population, the British Geriatrics Society in 2013 published their own supplementary guidelines to encourage and further direct teaching on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine in medical school curricula.

Promoting Parent-Child Sexual Health Dialogue with an Intergenerational Game: Parent and Youth Perspectives.

Objectives: Sexual health discussions between parents and their preadolescent youth can delay sexual debut and increase condom and contraceptive use. However, parents frequently report being uncomfortable talking with their youth about sex, often reporting a lack of self-efficacy and skills to inform and motivate responsible decision making by youth. Intergenerational games may support parent-youth sexual health communication.

Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in children with prenatal hydronephrosis: a prospective study.

Purpose: We prospectively investigated the impact of risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in infants with postnatally confirmed prenatal hydronephrosis.

Materials And Methods: Patients seen for prenatal hydronephrosis from 2010 to 2013 were prospectively followed. Those with ectopic ureters and ureteroceles, posterior urethral valves and neuropathic bladders were excluded.

Alterations of cortical and hippocampal EEG activity in MeCP2-deficient mice.

Rett syndrome is a pediatric neurological condition caused by mutations of the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator MECP2. In this study, we examined cortical and hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in male and female MeCP2-deficient mice at symptomatic stages during different behavioral states. During acute sleep, MeCP2-deficient mice displayed normal delta-like activity in cortex and sharp-wave activity in hippocampus.

Responding to trust: surgeons' perspective on informed consent.

Background: Every day thousands of surgeons and patients negotiate their way through the complex process of decision-making about operative treatments. We conducted a series of qualitative studies, asking patients and surgeons to describe their experience and beliefs about informed decision-making and consent. This study focuses on surgeons' views.

Profiling the interest of general dental practitioners in West Yorkshire in using teledentistry to obtain advice from orthodontic consultants.

Objective: To seek opinions from general dental practitioners in Calderdale and Kirklees (West Yorkshire) regarding an online orthodontic referral service and to establish the profile of dentists working in primary care who would refer patients online for a consultant orthodontist's opinion.

Methodology: All 91 general dental practices in Calderdale and Kirklees in West Yorkshire were sent a piloted questionnaire enquiring into their orthodontic treatment and referral patterns, and also into their attitudes to the use of the Internet and related technologies. Three mailings were performed, followed by telephone contact with non-responders.

The Canadian Natural Health Products (NHP) regulations: industry compliance motivations.

This qualitative study explores corporations' motivations to comply with new natural health products (NHP) Regulations in Canada. Interviews were conducted with representatives from 20 Canadian NHP companies. Findings show that the rationale for compliance differs for large compared to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

The Canadian Natural Health Products (NHP) regulations: industry perceptions and compliance factors.

Background: The use of natural health products, such as vitamins, minerals, and herbs, by Canadians has been increasing with time. As a result of consumer concern about the quality of these products, the Canadian Department of Health created the Natural Health Products (NHP) Regulations. The new Canadian regulations raise questions about whether and how the NHP industry will be able to comply and what impact they will have on market structure.