A Nonenzymatic Procedure to Obtain Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Dermis.

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained significant interest as cell-based therapeutics for organ restoration in the field of regenerative medicine. More recently, substantial attention has been directed toward cell-free therapy, achieved through the utilization of soluble factors possessing trophic and immunomodulatory properties present in the MSC secretome. This collection of soluble factors can be found either freely in the secretome or packed within its vesicular fraction, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Low evolutionary potential for blue-green egg colouration in a wild bird population.

Exploring the evolutionary architecture of female sexual traits and their potential evolvability is important to understand their possible role as postmating sexual signals. Egg colouration has been proposed to be one of these postmating sexual signals, honestly advertising female quality in birds, especially in blue-green laying species. In this study, we used an animal model in a Bayesian framework to estimate the evolvability of multiple descriptors of blue-green egg colouration and egg size in a wild long-term monitored population of spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor).

Latissimus Dorsi Flap and Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap with Immediate Fat Transfer (LIFT and TIFT): A Retrospective Study about Total Breast Reconstruction in High-Risk Patients.

Introduction: Microsurgical breast reconstruction has become popular over the past twenty years and allows a tailor-tuck approach to each patient. However, smoking or coagulation disorders may switch surgeon's choice towards alternative options. When facing these risk factors, we performed pedicled latissimus dorsi (LD) flap and thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap reconstruction with immediate fat transfer (LIFT and TIFT), achieving satisfactory surgical outcomes.

"Functional trapezius muscle reconstruction after resection of a desmoid tumor using an innervated gracilis free flap".

Desmoid tumors are characterized by indolent growth, progressive invasion of surrounding tissues and a high rate of relapse. We present the case of a desmoid tumor rising from the trapezius of a young woman. Following resection, we performed a functional reconstruction using an innervated gracilis free flap.

Surgical treatment of pressure injuries in children: A multicentre experience.

Pressure injuries (PI) are infrequent in paediatric patients, prevalence estimates ranging from 1.4% to 8.2%, and reaching values as high as 43.

Integrated Treatment of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema: A Descriptive Review of the State of the Art.

Background/aim: Upper limb breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic and severe condition affecting a significant percentage of breast cancer survivors. Even though its physiopathology is well-known, there is no worldwide consensus on BCRL evaluation and a gold-standard treatment. This narrative review aims at providing a brief descriptive overview with regard to BCRL treatment modalities.

Meta-analysis of the effects of venous super-drainage in deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps for breast reconstruction.

Introduction: Venous congestion is the most common vascular complication of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps. Adding a second venous drainage by anastomosing a flap vein and a recipient vein (super-drainage) is considered the solution of choice. Evidence to support this procedure, had not yet been confirmed by an analysis of the literature.

Complications and Solutions in Propeller Flap Surgery.

Propeller perforator flaps (PPFs) have long been proven as valid reconstructive tools for a wide range of soft tissue defects in different body regions. During the last decade, despite their numerous advantages, many authors have thoroughly analyzed outcomes of these flaps, sometimes discouraging their use mainly because of a high failure rate. Accurate patient selection, adequate preoperative planning, and an appropriate dissection technique seem to potentially improve outcomes.

Propeller Flaps in the Head and Neck.

Propeller flaps have significantly expanded the reconstruction possibilities in the head and neck region. They allow for increased flap mobility and better scar concealing, and/or to perform a one-stage reconstruction with local tissue of similar color and texture, where multiple surgeries would be needed with traditional flaps or even free flaps would be required. This article describes the main propeller flaps for one-stage reconstruction in the head-neck region (facial artery perforator, supratrochlear artery axial perforator, deep lingual artery axial perforator, and anterior supraclavicular artery perforator flaps), their indications, and possible complications.

Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification.

The term was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms and were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed.

Different Hydraulic Constructs to Optimize the Venous Drainage of DIEP Flaps in Breast Reconstruction: Decisional Algorithm and Review of the Literature.

Background:  Venous congestion is the most common perfusion-related complication of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap. Several hydraulic constructs can be created for venous superdrainage in case of flap venous engorgement or as a preventive measure. These can be classified based on the choice of the draining vein of the flap, either a second deep inferior epigastric vein (DIEV) or a superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV), and of the recipient vein, either a vein of the chest or the DIEV.

Hyaluronic acid-based two-stage medical therapy to unfold the aged face: The centrifugal approach.

Background: Facial aging is a multifactorial process characterized by structural changes to the dermis and ligaments, lipoatrophy in the fat pads and hypodermis, remodeling of the bony skeleton, change in muscle tonicity and tissue descent.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a hyaluronic acid-based treatment for the aging face that addresses all its causes in a caudal to cranial and medial to lateral direction: the centrifugal technique.

Methods: Between March 2015 and January 2018, 187 patients were treated with a high G' hyaluronic acid in two sessions, one/two weeks apart, to improve signs of facial aging, starting from the lower centrofacial area and progressing laterally and cranially.

A sequence of flaps and dissection exercises in the living model to improve the learning curve for perforator flap surgery.

Introduction: The training to learn how to perform perforator flaps requires practice on a living model to optimize dissection and to evaluate outcome. The purpose of this study was to describe a training model that optimizes the use of animals in order to perform the maximum number of exercises per animal.

Material And Methods: The sequence has been planned and practiced by the first and last author, recorded perfected and implemented in a two-day surgical course.

Bilateral DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction to a Single Set of Internal Mammary Vessels: Technique, Safety, and Outcomes after 250 Flaps.

Background: The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is considered the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction. In bilateral cases, both flaps are often anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels on either side of the sternum. The authors propose a method in which both flaps are anastomosed to only the right side internal mammary artery and vein.

The Thin bilateral and bipedicled DIEAP flap for axillary reconstruction in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Introduction: Reconstruction after resection of advanced stage hidradenitis suppurativa is currently performed with pedicled perforator flaps, that allow functional reconstruction and preservation of shoulder function. Skin availability is limited by the possibility of closing the donor site primarily. Bilateral cases need to be treated in two stages, since the operation is carried out in the lateral decubitus.

Free Bipedicled Radial Forearm and Posterior Interosseous Artery Perforator Flap Phalloplasty.

Introduction: The free radial forearm (FRFA) flap is universally still considered as the gold standard technique in penile reconstruction. Typically, a considerably large flap is required, often involving almost the entire circumference of the forearm. Partial necrosis may occur at the distal-most (dorsoradial) part of the flap as a result of insufficient perfusion.

Urethral Reconstruction in Anterolateral Thigh Flap Phalloplasty: A 93-Case Experience.

Background: Urethral reconstruction in anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasty cannot always be accomplished with one flap, and the ideal technique has not been established yet. In this article, the authors' experience with urethral reconstruction in 93 anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasties is reported.

Methods: Ninety-three anterolateral thigh phalloplasties performed over 13 years at a single center were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate outcomes of the different urethral reconstruction techniques used: anterolateral thigh alone without urethral reconstruction (n = 7), tube-in-tube anterolateral thigh flap (n = 5), prelaminated anterolateral thigh flap with a skin graft (n = 8), anterolateral thigh flap combined with a free radial forearm flap (n = 29), anterolateral thigh flap combined with a pedicled superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (n = 38), and anterolateral thigh flap combined with a skin flap from a previous phalloplasty (n = 6).

The foot fillet flap for ischial pressure sore reconstruction: A new indication.

Introduction: The main cause of ischial pressure sores in paraplegic patients is prolonged sitting without pressure relief. These wounds are subject to recurrence and may need repeated reconstruction with local flaps. When all options are exhausted, the total thigh flap is the last resort.

Nonsurgical treatment of earlobe aging in Mowlavi stages I and II earlobe ptosis with Hyaluronic acid fillers.

Background: Earlobe deflation caused by fat atrophy is normally treated with lipofilling, mostly in the context of facelift surgery. In this report, we aim at reporting on Hyaluronic Acid injections to treat earlobe deflation.

Materials And Methods: 16 Mowlavi Grade I and II patients were treated with HA injections, followed by molding to shape the lobule.

Chest Surgery for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals.

Chest surgery can greatly facilitate the experience of living in a gender role. For transfeminine chest surgery, most surgeons recommend a 12-month period of feminizing hormone therapy prior to breast augmentation. For those who already have some breast volume due to hormone treatment, lipofilling can be a good option.

Male-to-Female Gender Confirmation Surgery: Intestinal Vaginoplasty.

The major steps in vaginoplasty are orchiectomy, penile amputation, creation of the neovaginal cavity with lining, and reconstruction of urethral meatus, labia, and clitoris. During pedicled intestinal transfer, an intestinal segment is transferred in a dissected cavity between the bladder and rectum. The bowel harvest is performed by a total laparoscopic technique.