Cellulitis and bacteraemia caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae post radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection for FIGO IB squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, a case report.

Background: Streptococcus dysgalactiae, also known as Group C/G Streptococci, causes infection to humans and animals. Infectious syndromes range from mild pharyngitis and cellulitis, to bacteraemia and life-threatening sepsis. This report uniquely presents a case of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae causing fulminant sepsis post-radical vulvectomy.

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octenones via Oxaziridinium Catalysed ortho-Hydroxylative Phenol Dearomatization.

Hydroxylative dearomatization reactions of phenols (HPD) offer an efficient way to assemble complex, biologically relevant scaffolds. Despite this, enantioselective hydroxylative phenol dearomatizations for the construction of bicyclo[2.2.

Development and Validation of a Raman Spectroscopic Classification Model for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

The mortality associated with cervical cancer can be reduced if detected at the precancer stage, but current methods are limited in terms of subjectivity, cost and time. Optical spectroscopic methods such as Raman spectroscopy can provide a rapid, label-free and nondestructive measurement of the biochemical fingerprint of a cell, tissue or biofluid. Previous studies have shown the potential of Raman spectroscopy for cervical cancer diagnosis, but most were pilot studies with small sample sizes.

Raman Spectroscopy of Liquid-Based Cervical Smear Samples as a Triage to Stratify Women Who Are HPV-Positive on Screening.

The role of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of cervical precancer and cancer is now well accepted, and HPV testing has recently been introduced for primary cervical screening. However, the low specificity of HPV DNA testing can result in large numbers of women with an HPV-positive result, and additional triage approaches are needed to avoid over-referral to colposcopy and overtreatment. The aim of this study was to assess Raman spectroscopy as a potential triage test to discriminate between transient and persistent HPV infection.

Health-related quality of life in women after colposcopy: results from a longitudinal patient survey.

Background: Information concerning the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) consequences of colposcopy is limited, particularly over time. In a longitudinal study, we investigated women's HRQoL at 4, 8 and 12 months post colposcopy and the factors associated with this.

Methods: Women attending colposcopy at two large hospitals affiliated with the national screening programme in Ireland were invited to complete questionnaires at 4, 8 and 12 months post colposcopy.

Prevalence and concordance of oral HPV infections with cervical HPV infections in women referred to colposcopy with abnormal cytology.

Background: Considering the shared aetiology of Human Papillomavirus infections in oropharyngeal and cervical cancers and the possible role for sexual transmission, several key aspects of the relationship between cervical and oral infections merit investigation, including prevalence of concomitant oral HPV infection and type-specific concordance with concurrent cervical infections.

Methods: A cross-section study was performed on women referred to colposcopy clinics with cytological abnormalities and a cervical HPV infection. An oral rinse sample was taken from the participants at their baseline visit for HPV testing, and a demographic and risk factor questionnaire was also administered.

HE4 and CA125 as preoperative risk stratifiers for lymph node metastasis in endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium: A retrospective study in a cohort with histological proof of lymph node status.

Objectives: To investigate whether HE4 and CA125 could identify endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients who might most benefit from full staging surgery with lymphadenectomy.

Methods: Sequential patients with a preoperative banked serum and histology of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of endometrium who had undergone surgical staging with lymph node dissection over a 5-year period between 2011 and 2016 were included from a tertiary Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Dublin, Ireland. Preoperative serum HE4 and CA125 were measured using ELISA, with the cut-offs HE4 81 pmol/L and CA125 35 U/ml.

Clinical performance of the Cobas 4800 HPV test and the Aptima HPV assay in the management of women referred to colposcopy with minor cytological abnormalities.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the Cobas 4800 HPV test and the Aptima HPV assay for the detection of CIN2+ disease in women referred to colposcopy with minor cytological abnormalities.

Methods: ThinPrep liquid-based cytology samples were collected from 562 women referred to colposcopy with minor cytological abnormalities. HPV testing by both assays was performed on these samples.

Physical after-effects of colposcopy and related procedures, and their inter-relationship with psychological distress: a longitudinal survey.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of post-colposcopy physical after-effects and investigate associations between these and subsequent psychological distress.

Design: Longitudinal survey.

Setting: Two hospital-based colposcopy clinics.

Exploring women's sensory experiences of undergoing colposcopy and related procedures: implications for preparatory sensory information provision.

Introduction: Some women experience distress during colposcopy examinations which is partly related to women's fear, or experience, of pain during the procedure. However, little is known about women's sensory experiences of colposcopy (other than pain) or what might impact on these experiences. The aim of this study was to explore women's sensory experiences of colposcopy and related procedures and identify factors which influenced negative sensory experiences.

Trends in, and predictors of, anxiety and specific worries following colposcopy: a 12-month longitudinal study.

Objective: Little is known about which women are at greatest risk of adverse psychological after-effects following colposcopy. This study examined time trends in, and identified predictors of, anxiety and specific worries over 12 months.

Methods: Women attending two hospital-based colposcopy clinics for abnormal cervical cytology were invited to complete psychosocial questionnaires at 4, 8 and 12 months following colposcopy.

Understanding Women's Differing Experiences of Distress after Colposcopy: A Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Women who have an abnormal cervical cytology test may be referred for a colposcopy. Accumulating evidence suggests some women may experience distress after colposcopy. This exploratory study examined women's differing experiences of post-colposcopy distress with the aim of identifying factors that are predictive of, or protective against, distress.

A novel serum microRNA panel to discriminate benign from malignant ovarian disease.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the most frequent cause of gynaecological malignancy-related mortality in women. Currently, no standardized reliable screening test exists. MicroRNA profiling has allowed the identification of signatures associated with diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment of human tumours.

The MyD88+ phenotype is an adverse prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer.

The prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer is poor in part due to the high frequency of chemoresistance. Recent evidence points to the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and particularly its adaptor protein MyD88, as one potential mediator of this resistance. This study aims to provide further evidence that MyD88 positive cancer cells are clinically significant, stem-like and reproducibly detectable for the purposes of prognostic stratification.

Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping, by HC2, full-spectrum HPV and molecular beacon real-time HPV assay in an Irish colposcopy clinic.

Cervical screening programmes are moving towards HPV testing as part of the screening process and as a triage for colposcopy. Three HPV detection methods were evaluated using cervical cytology specimens from colposcopy patients. PreservCyt™ liquid based cytology specimens from 241 women attending colposcopy clinics with greater than 2 persistently abnormal smears were recruited through the Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin.

Evaluation of the clinical performance of the cobas 4800 HPV test in patients referred for colposcopy.

The clinical performance of the cobas human papillomavirus (HPV) test for detection of high-grade disease in a colposcopy-referred population was compared with that of Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). The overall agreement between the tests was 92.3%.

Pre-Treatment of platinum resistant ovarian cancer cells with an MMP-9/MMP-2 inhibitor prior to cisplatin enhances cytotoxicity as determined by high content screening.

Platinum resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in ovarian cancer. We previously identified matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) as a potential therapeutic target of chemoresistant disease. A2780cis (cisplatin-resistant) and A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) ovarian carcinoma cell lines were used.

Peripartum hysterectomy in the first decade of the 21st century.

We reviewed the role of peripartum hysterectomy (PH) in the first decade of the 21st century. The study was confined to women who delivered a baby weighing 500 g or more between 2000 and 2009, and who required a hysterectomy within 72 h of delivery for obstetric reasons. Individual case records were reviewed.

Potential role of miR-9 and miR-223 in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. miRNAs have not been comprehensively studied in recurrent ovarian cancer, yet an incurable disease.

Results: Using real-time RT-PCR, we obtained distinct miRNA expression profiles between primary and recurrent serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinomas (n = 6) in a subset of samples previously used in a transcriptome approach.

Potential predictors of chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer--how do we define chemosensitivity?

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether microvessel density (measured by CD31), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or multidrug resistance (MDR1) could determine the response to chemotherapy or act as prognostic factors in ovarian cancer.

Methods: Seventy-nine ovarian specimens were immunostained. Pearson correlation, 1-way ANOVA and chi-square were used for univariate analysis.

Ovarian cancer detected non-invasively by contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound.

Overall, about one-third of women operated upon because of suspected ovarian cancer turn out to have benign disease. This proportion will be even higher when the tumours are small. A more accurate method of determining which are malignant would reduce the number of unnecessary referrals to the cancer centre and increase the scope for conservative management.

Pretreatment tumour volume measurement on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of survival in cervical cancer.

Objective: To evaluate pretreatment tumour volume as a predictor of survival in patients with cervical cancer using both endovaginal and external coil magnetic resonance imaging in order to achieve high spatial resolution and delineate small volume disease.

Design: A retrosfection case series.

Setting: A tertiary referral centre for gynaecological oncology.

Standards for the management of cervical and vulval carcinoma.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of achieving designated target standards for the management of women with cervical and vulval cancer.

Design: Retrospective casenote review.

Setting: The Gynaecological Oncology Centre at Hammersmith Hospital, London.