OrthologAL: A Shiny application for quality-aware humanization of non-human pre-clinical high-dimensional gene expression data.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics provide unprecedented insight into the inner workings of disease. Pharmacotranscriptomic approaches are powerful tools that leverage gene expression data for drug repurposing and treatment discovery in many diseases. Multiple databases attempt to connect human cellular transcriptional responses to small molecules for use in transcriptome-based drug discovery efforts.

MAT2a and AHCY inhibition disrupts antioxidant metabolism and reduces glioblastoma cell survival.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary malignant adult brain tumor that inevitably recurs with a fatal prognosis. This is due in part to metabolic reprogramming that allows tumors to evade treatment. We therefore must uncover the pathways mediating these adaptations to develop novel and effective treatments.

Dirac-Like Fermions Anomalous Magneto-Transport in a Spin-Polarized Oxide 2D Electron System.

In a 2D electron system (2DES) the breaking of the inversion, time-reversal and bulk crystal-field symmetries is interlaced with the effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) triggering exotic quantum phenomena. Here, epitaxial engineering is used to design and realize a 2DES characterized simultaneously by ferromagnetic order, large Rashba SOC and hexagonal band warping at the (111) interfaces between LaAlO, EuTiO, and SrTiO insulators. The 2DES displays anomalous quantum corrections to the magneto-conductance driven by the time-reversal-symmetry breaking occurring below the magnetic transition temperature.

Tuning of the magnetotransport properties of a spin-polarized 2D electron system using visible light.

We report on the effects of visible light on the low temperature electronic properties of the spin-polarized two dimensional electron system (2DES) formed at the interfaces between LaAlO[Formula: see text], EuTiO[Formula: see text] and (001) SrTiO[Formula: see text]. A strong, persistent modulation of both longitudinal and transverse conductivity was obtained using light emitting diodes (LEDs) with emissions at different wavelengths in the visible spectrum range. In particular, Hall effect data show that visible light induces a non-volatile electron filling of bands with mainly 3d[Formula: see text] character, and at the same time an enhancement of the anomalous Hall effect associated to the magnetic properties of the system.

Charge Configuration Memory Devices: Energy Efficiency and Switching Speed.

Current trends in data processing have given impetus for an intense search of new concepts of memory devices with emphasis on efficiency, speed, and scalability. A promising new approach to memory storage is based on resistance switching between charge-ordered domain states in the layered dichalcogenide 1T-TaS. Here we investigate the energy efficiency scaling of such charge configuration memory (CCM) devices as a function of device size and data write time τ as well as other parameters that have bearing on efficient device operation.

Incorporating Within-Host Diversity in Phylogenetic Analyses for Detecting Clusters of New HIV Diagnoses.

Background: Phylogenetic analyses of HIV sequences are used to detect clusters and inform public health interventions. Conventional approaches summarize within-host HIV diversity with a single consensus sequence per host of the gene, obtained from Sanger or next-generation sequencing (NGS). There is growing recognition that this approach discards potentially important information about within-host sequence variation, which can impact phylogenetic inference.

Nanopatterning of oxide 2-dimensional electron systems using low-temperature ion milling.

We present a 'top-down' patterning technique based on ion milling performed at low-temperature, for the realization of oxide two-dimensional electron system devices with dimensions down to 160 nm. Using electrical transport and scanning Superconducting QUantum Interference Device measurements we demonstrate that the low-temperature ion milling process does not damage the 2DES properties nor creates oxygen vacancies-related conducting paths in the STO substrate. As opposed to other procedures used to realize oxide 2DES devices, the one we propose gives lateral access to the 2DES along the in-plane directions, finally opening the way to coupling with other materials, including superconductors.

Monitoring the manufacturing and quality of medicines: a fundamental task of pharmacovigilance.

Unlabelled: The collection and assessment of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) is important to detect unknown adverse drug reactions particularly in the first decade after approval of new chemical entities. However, regulations require that these activities are routinely undertaken for all medicinal products, including older medicines such as generic medicinal products with a well-established safety profile. For the latter, the risk management plans no longer contain important risks, considered important safety concerns, on the basis that routine pharmacovigilance activity would not allow their further characterisation.

The Utility of Prolonged Prophylactic Systemic Antibiotics (PPSA) for Subfascial Drains After Degenerative Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the impact of prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PPSA) on the development of surgical site infection rate (SSIR) in degenerative spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Surgical drains are utilized postoperatively in posterior spine surgery to help minimize the risk of seroma formation.

Effect of Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy vs Standard Wound Dressing on the Development of Surgical Site Infection after Spinal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Use of a closed-incisional negative pressure therapy (ci-NPT) dressing is an emerging strategy to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in spine surgery that lacks robust data.

Objective: To determine the impact of a ci-NPT, as compared with a standard dressing, on the development of SSIs after spine surgery.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study over a 2-yr period.

Water droplet surface tension method - An innovation in quantifying saponin content in quinoa seed.

Quinoa surface borne saponins are bitter tasting anti-nutritional compounds that must be removed before consumption of the seed. To determine saponin content, the currently available standard afrosimetric foam test method only determines the presence of saponin via a rating of either 'acceptable' or 'unacceptable'. A water droplet surface tension (WDST) based innovative method was developed that can quantify saponin content in aqueous solutions with greater accuracy.

Intracranial hemorrhage type and same-admission mortality in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

Objectives: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) provide mechanical circulatory support for patients with advanced heart failure. Intracranial hemorrhage in this population represent a significant management challenge. The objective of this study is to report our initial experience on same-admission outcomes with LVAD patients that presented with various types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Burial and Compaction of Sandy Soils to Prevent Emergence of Adult Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) at the Soil Surface.

Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) remain a significant pest affecting livestock and rural communities on the Swan Coastal Plain around Perth, Western Australia. Vegetable crop residues remaining after harvest enable stable fly development.

The Mini C-Arm Sock: A Novel and Simple Technique for Draping to Prevent Contamination and Penetration.

The mini C-arm is frequently used in foot and ankle surgery. However, its continuous manipulation introduces potential means of contaminating the sterile surgical field. A simple and effective draping technique of the mini C-arm is described to minimize risk of contamination and sharps penetration that can damage the C-arm.

A review of clinical trials: mesenchymal stem cell transplant therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are widely prevalent metabolic diseases with differing pathologies. T1DM manifests due to autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, resulting in a diminished secretion of insulin. T2DM originates from a state of insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia and reduction in beta cell mass.

Amending Poultry Broiler Litter to Prevent the Development of Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) and Other Nuisance Flies.

Spent poultry litter use as a fertilizer in horticulture supports stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) development. Stable fly continues to have an economic impact on livestock production and rural lifestyle in south-western Australia.

Measuring Interfacial Tension of Emulsions in Situ by Microfluidics.

Interfacial tension is a key parameter affecting industrially relevant properties of emulsions, such as morphology and stability. Although several methods are available to measure interfacial tension, they are based on generation of droplets starting from separate emulsion components and cannot directly probe the interfacial tension of an emulsion as such. Here, a novel microfluidic tensiometry device to measure interfacial tension of a water-in-oil emulsion in situ as a function of surfactant concentration is presented.

Hypersynchronous ictal onset in the perirhinal cortex results from dynamic weakening in inhibition.

We obtained field, K(+) selective and "sharp" intracellular recordings from the rat entorhinal (EC) and perirhinal (PC) cortices in an in vitro brain slice preparation to identify the events occurring at interictal-to-ictal transition during 4-aminopyridine application. Field recordings revealed interictal- (duration: 1.1 to 2.

HemaSpot, a Novel Blood Storage Device for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Testing.

HemaSpot, a novel dried-blood storage filter device, was used for HIV-1 pol resistance testing in 30 fresh United States blood samples and 54 previously frozen Kenyan blood samples. Genotyping succeeded in 79% and 58% of samples, respectively, improved with shorter storage and higher viral load, and had good (86%) resistance mutation concordance to plasma.

Blockade of in vitro ictogenesis by low-frequency stimulation coincides with increased epileptiform response latency.

Low-frequency stimulation, delivered through transcranial magnetic or deep-brain electrical procedures, reduces seizures in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. A similar control of ictallike discharges is exerted by low-frequency electrical stimulation in rodent brain slices maintained in vitro during convulsant treatment. By employing field and "sharp" intracellular recordings, we analyzed here the effects of stimuli delivered at 0.

On the contribution of KCC2 and carbonic anhydrase to two types of in vitro interictal discharge.

GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition--which is due to Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) currents controlled by KCC2 and carbonic anhydrase activity, respectively--contributes to short- and long-lasting interictal events recorded from the CA3 region of hippocampus during application of 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 50 μM). Here, we employed field potential recordings in an in vitro brain slice preparation to establish the effects induced by the KCC2 blockers VU0240551 (10 μM) or bumetanide (50 μM) and by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (10 μM) on the two types of interictal events. We found that blocking KCC2 activity decreased the amplitude of the short-lasting events.

Limbic networks and epileptiform synchronization: the view from the experimental side.

In this review, we summarize findings obtained in acute and chronic epilepsy models and in particular experiments that have revealed how neuronal networks in the limbic system-which is closely involved in the pathophysiogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE)-produce hypersynchronous discharges. MTLE is often associated with a typical pattern of brain damage known as mesial temporal sclerosis, and it is one of the most refractory forms of partial epilepsy in adults. Specifically, we will address the cellular and pharmacological features of abnormal electrographic events that, as in MTLE patients, can occur in in vivo and in vitro animal models; these include interictal and ictal discharges along with high-frequency oscillations.

Activity-dependent changes in excitability of perirhinal cortex networks in vitro.

Rat brain slices comprising the perirhinal cortex (PC) and a portion of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA), in standard medium, can generate synchronous oscillatory activity that is associated with action potential discharge and reflects the activation of glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors. We report here that similar synchronous oscillatory events are recorded in the PC in response to single-shock, electrical stimuli delivered in LA. In addition, we found that the latency of these responses progressively increased when the stimulus interval was varied from 10 to 1 s; for example, the response latency during stimuli delivered at 1 Hz was more than twofold longer than that seen during stimulation at 0.

Perirhinal cortex and temporal lobe epilepsy.

The perirhinal cortex-which is interconnected with several limbic structures and is intimately involved in learning and memory-plays major roles in pathological processes such as the kindling phenomenon of epileptogenesis and the spread of limbic seizures. Both features may be relevant to the pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy that represents the most refractory adult form of epilepsy with up to 30% of patients not achieving adequate seizure control. Compared to other limbic structures such as the hippocampus or the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal area remains understudied and, in particular, detailed information on its dysfunctional characteristics remains scarce; this lack of information may be due to the fact that the perirhinal cortex is not grossly damaged in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and in models mimicking this epileptic disorder.