The diagnosis and management of food allergies. Position paper of the Food Allergy Section the Polish Society of Allergology.

The paper concerns the current position of the Polish Society of Allergology Food Allergy Section on the diagnosis and management of food allergies. The aim of this position is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis and management of patients with allergic hypersensitivity to foods. This position statement includes a systematic review of studies in three areas, namely, the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of food allergies.

Allergic enteritis in children.

The gastrointestinal form of food allergy is very common in children. The most frequently observed types are allergic proctitis and proctocolitis. In most cases the symptoms subside within the first 2 months of life.

[Evaluation of anger expression, school functioning and a level of anxiety in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain].

Unlabelled: Psychosocial conditions may have influence on the occurrence of functional abdominal pain. Anxiety, school-related difficulties and suppression of emotions negatively impact on the psychosocial condition of a child and could impede its treatment.

Aim: The analysis of the psychosocial determinants of functioning of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain.

Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) formulas in paediatric and allergological practice.

Fats constitute the most significant nutritional source of energy. Their proper use by the body conditions a number of complex mechanisms of digestion, absorption, distribution, and metabolism. These mechanisms are facilitated by fats made of medium chain fatty acids; therefore, they are an easy and quick source of energy.

Innate immunity components and cytokines in gastric mucosa in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.

PURPOSE. To investigate the expression of innate immunity components and cytokines in the gastric mucosa among H. pylori infected and uninfected children.

[Nutritional guidelines for healthy children aged 1-3 years - Polish Expert Group statement. Part I- energy and nutritional components demand].

Updating of the nutritional guidelines for the Polish population requires updates of the nutritional norms for children. We present the Polish Expert Group statement (2012) on intake of selected nutrients (protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamin D and E) essential in nutrition of children aged 1-3 years. For this purpose the Expert Group reviewed available scientific data: the recent guidelines, nutritional norms and recommendations, systematic reviews and expert opinions as well as original publications, in relation to the specific requirements of the Polish population.

Current management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

The treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) still represents a challenge, even for the specialised multidisciplinary teams in centres that provide treatment for CDH. Despite significant progress in the fields of pathophysiology, prenatal diagnosis, surgical techniques and intensive care, CDH is a disease still burdened with a high mortality. Due to the paucity of randomised studies, there are no standard guidelines for treatment.

Expression of adhesion and activation molecules on circulating monocytes in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the cell surface expression of adhesion (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD18, CD54, and CD58) and activation (CD14, HLA-DR, and CD16) molecules on the circulating monocytes in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected and noninfected children with gastritis, with the goal of comparing the results with those obtained from the controls.

Materials And Methods:  Ninety-four children were studied: 47 of them with H.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: frequency, clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings, and seasonal distribution.

Purpose: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa, which is associated with clinical and endoscopic manifestations. The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of EoE and to outline the clinical manifestations of EoE in Polish children.

Material/methods: Ten large regional pediatric gastroenterology centers participated in the study.

Mannan-binding lectin deficiency in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Europe has increased significantly. At least a fourth of patients are children. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is believed to be an important component of innate immunity, acting as an opsonin and activator of the lectin pathway (LP) of complement.

[Multiple organ failure in a severely malnourished patient with chromosome aberration].

Background: Pneumonia and malnutrition are two of the biggest killers in childhood, as defined by the World Health Organisation. Although common in the developing world, these conditions can also be observed in more advanced countries, as a result of negligence and lack of proper care in disabled children. We describe a case in which severe malnutrition resulted in multiple organ failure.

Pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection and circulating T-lymphocyte activation and differentiation.

Background: In this study, H. pylori-infected and noninfected children with gastritis were compared to a control group with respect to circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes expressing activation and differentiation markers. Additionally, the lymphocyte phenotypes of children with gastritis were correlated with the gastric inflammation scores.

Oxidatively damaged DNA/oxidative stress in children with celiac disease.

Background: Because patients with celiac disease face increased risk of cancer and there is considerable circumstantial evidence that oxidatively damaged DNA may be used as a marker predictive of cancer development, we decided, for the first time, to characterize oxidative stress/oxidative DNA damage in celiac disease patients.

Methods: Two kinds of oxidatively damaged DNA biomarkers, namely, urinary excretion of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGua, and the level of oxidatively damaged DNA in the leukocytes, as well as the level of antioxidant vitamins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass detection methods. These parameters were determined in three groups: (a) children with untreated celiac disease, (b) patients with celiac disease on a strict gluten-free diet, and (c) healthy children.

[Meaning of ghrelin and leptin in gastrointestinal tract diseases].

Ghrelin and leptin are newly discovered, still very mysterious, hormones. Beside the energy balance, they regulate endocrine and immune system, growth and maturate processes. Fluctuations of both hormones concentration are observed in many gastrointestinal tract diseases.

[Can obstructive bronchitis be a risk factor of bronchial asthma in infants and small children?].

One of more frequent reasons for hospitalizations concerning infants and small children are obstructive bronchitis. Great prevalence of bronchial tree obturation during infancy and in small children is a result of anatomical and functional differences of airways and immunological differences that occur in infants and small children. The most frequent cause of bronchial tree obturation is infection induced by viruses, rarely by bacteria.

[The analysis of usefulness different diagnostic methods in children and adolescents with Helicobacter pylori infection].

Unlabelled: A diagnostics of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents in practice sometimes is still difficult. Qualification to the tests for detecting infection with invasive and noninvasive methods should start from diligent anamnesis.

The Aim Of The Study: Is to present the clinical course and results of diagnostic tests in children and adolescents with suspicion of Helicobacter pylori infection.

[Analysis of L, E, and P selectins concentration in infants and young children with spastic bronchitis].

Unlabelled: Spastic bronchitis in infants and young children is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization in this age group. Both infectious and allergic inflammations lead to inflammation cells activation and their flow to the place of inflammation by the activation of adhesive molecules. One of groups of adhesive molecules are L, E and P selectins responsible for leucocytes migration through the vessel wall.

[Adhesion molecules of immunoglobin super family in children and youth with inflammatory bowel disease].

Unlabelled: Chronic inflammation is the common feature of inflammatory bowel disease. Adhesion molecules of immunoglobin super family play a key role in infiltration of leucocytes to place of inflammation.

The Aim Of This Study: was to investigate the concentrations of slCAM-1, sVCAM-1 i sPECAM-1 in children and youth with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among children in Poland. A prospective, population-based, 2-year study, 2002-2004.

Background/aims: The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Western countries is on the rise. No prospective studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of pediatric IBD in Poland. The aim of the study was to define the characteristics of new pediatric IBD and assess the incidence of new IBD among children in Poland between 2002 and 2004.

Parental age as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations in a Polish population.

Currently available data on the relationship between the prevalence of isolated congenital malformations and parental age are inconsistent and frequently divergent. We utilised the data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRCM) to accurately assess the interplay between maternal and paternal age in the risk of isolated non-syndromic congenital malformations. Out of 902 452 livebirths we studied 8683 children aged 0-2 years registered in the PRCM.

Comparative study of clinical characteristics of amniotic rupture sequence with and without body wall defect: further evidence for separation.

Background: Amniotic rupture sequence (ARS) is a disruption sequence presenting with fibrous bands, possibly emerging as a result of amniotic tear in the first trimester of gestation. Our comparative study aims to assess whether there is a difference in the clinical pattern of congenital limb and internal organ anomalies between ARS with body wall defect (ARS-BWD) and ARS without BWD (ARS-L).

Methods: Among 1,706,639 births recorded between 1998 and 2006, 50 infants with a diagnosis of ARS were reported to the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations.

[The analysis of the hepatitis C virus infection course and efficacy of treatment dependence on HLA A antigens in children and youth].

Unlabelled: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection course and efficacy of treatment may be depended on HLA antigens. The aim of the study is attempt to define dependence between the course of HCV infection and efficacy its treatment and HLA A antigens in children and youth.

Patients And Methods: To the study included 61 patients (51 after treatment for HCV infection and 10 not treated).

[Value of E-selectin and L-selectin determination in children and youth with inflammatory bowel disease].

Unlabelled: Chronic inflammation is the common feature of inflammatory bowel disease. Infiltration of leucocytes is mediated by definite adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of activated leucocytes, platelets and endothelial cells.

Aims: to investigate the clinical value of determining concentrations of sE-selectin and sL-selectin in children and youth with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.