Standard therapy or additionally radioactive iodine (131I) therapy; which will stop the recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumour. The average survival time for a patient diagnosed with GBM, using standard treatment methods, is several months. Authors of the article pose a direct question: Is it possible to treat GBM solely with radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) therapy without employing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene? After all, NIS has been detected not only in the thyroid but also in various tumours.

IgG4-related disease: an update on pathology and diagnostic criteria with a focus on salivary gland manifestations.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ disorder characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation depending on the affected organ/s, extent of tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions, and associated functional impairment. The disease pursues a chronic, relapsing, often asymptomatic course and hence may pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Diagnostic delay can lead to progressive fibrosis and irreversible organ damage resulting into significant morbidity and even mortality.

A new antiviral hypothesis and radioactive iodine therapy to other cancers, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) is an effective, safe, and cheap method in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. There is still an unresolved question of whether RIT treatment also plays a role in the treatment of, for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These studies are currently being carried out in rats in combination with genes, but it may be an interesting challenge to assess "pure" RIT alone, thanks to the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), is effective in other organ nodules, both benign and malignant.

Iron, Ferroptosis, and Head and Neck Cancer.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. It plays a critical role not only in promoting drug resistance in tumors, but also in shaping therapeutic approaches for various malignancies. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and head and neck cancer treatment by discussing its conceptual framework, mechanism of action, functional aspects, and implications for tumor therapy.

A NEW HYPOTHESIS IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM). PART 2: IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY OPTION IN RECURRENT GM WHEN ALL STANDARD TREATMENTS HAVE BEEN EXHAUSTED?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant brain tumor. The average survival time for a patient diagnosed with GBM, using standard treatment methods, is several months. Besides the routinely applied treatments such as neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, progress is being made in the field of oncology, offering hope for improved treatment outcomes.

A NEW HYPOTHESIS IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM). PART 1: INTRODUCTION.

Modern treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is based on neurosurgical methods combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis for patients with GBM is extremely poor. Often, complete removal of the tumor is impossible and it often recurs.

The influence of various endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system.

Various stimulants (VS) are chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system - endocrine homeostasis of the reproductive system - which also known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These substances are found in the human body, in both the blood and urine, amniotic fluid, or, among others, the adipose tissue. This article presents the current state of knowledge of the effect of EDCs and additional factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis on the gonads.

Glioblastoma Multiforme: The Latest Diagnostics and Treatment Techniques.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade 4 glioma and the most common malignant primary brain tumour. Recently, there has been outstanding progress in the treatment of GBM. In addition to the newest form of GBM removal using fluorescence, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, tomoradiotherapy, moderate electro-hyperthermia, and adjuvant temozolomide (post-operative chemotherapy), new developments have been made in the fields of immunology, molecular biology, and virotherapy.

IgG4-related sclerosing thyroiditis (Riedel-Struma): a review of clinicopathological features and management.

We present a thorough review of the literature on Riedel thyroiditis (RT) with emphasis on aetiology, diagnosis and management, using the PubMed, Sinomed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Although the exact aetiology of RT remains obscure, the histopathological features are consistent with a localized form of IgG-related systemic disease (IgG-RSD). Nevertheless, IgG4-RSD as a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder per se rarely affects the thyroid in the context of multiorgan manifestations.

The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has garnered significant attention in contemporary medical research. Although the canonical biological activity of VitD manifests itself mainly in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, recent studies show that, thanks to the presence of numerous receptors, VitD may also play an important role in regulating the immune system. VitD deficiency has been demonstrated to impact autoimmune disease, coeliac disease, infections (including respiratory/COVID-19), and patients with cancer.

Thyroid gland and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) used to treat chronic hepatitis C. Is it a safe regimen?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is widespread in the world and it has a diverse clinical manifestation. As a result of chronic infection, a patient may experience many health complications. Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) occur more often among HCV-infected patients compared with healthy population.

Is eNAMPT/visfatin a potential serum marker of papillary thyroid cancer?

Purpose: The role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)/visfatin in a more aggressive course of many malignancies has been proven. Previous studies have noticed the importance of visfatin in thyroid neoplastic tissue, but the diagnostic and prognostic value of its serum concentration has not been investigated so far. Our study aimed to consider whether extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) could be a potential serum marker in recurrent papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

The Role of Thyroid Hormones on Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis.

Nowadays obesity becomes a significant global problem. Hence, recently more and more attention has been paid to substances present in the body that have a significant impact on metabolic processes and thermogenesis, in the context of their potential use in the prevention and treatment of obesity. It is well known that the relationship between thyroid hormones and obesity is multilayered, however recently, more and more information about the possible relation between thyroid hormones and muscle metabolism has been published.

Differences in sex hormone levels in the menstrual cycle due to tobacco smoking - myth or reality?

Introduction: Tobacco smoke contains, among others, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic analogues, aromatic amines, N-nitrosamines, volatile hydrocarbons, aldehydes, phenols, miscellaneous organic compounds, metals, and inorganic compounds. Tobacco smoking can harm women's reproductive system and may reduce fertility. The objective of the study was to explore the effect of tobacco smoke on the menstrual cycle due to smoking and second-hand smoke-exposure.

Eye symptoms in patients with benign thyroid diseases.

Thyroid diseases may cause a variety of functional and structural body changes, including eye and vision abnormalities, which can have a negative impact on a patient's well-being. However, only a few studies on the impact of other benign thyroid diseases on the visual process are available in the literature. In this study, using the Polish version of the thyroid-specific quality of life (ThyPROpl) questionnaire, we aimed to determine the self-reported influence of benign thyroid diseases (e.

The effect of endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system - current knowledge.

Objective: Chemicals that disrupt the endocrine homeostasis of the human body, otherwise known as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), are found in the blood, urine, amniotic fluid, or adipose tissue. This paper presents the current knowledge about EDCs and the reproductive system.

Materials And Methods: The article is an overview of the impact of EDCs and their mechanism of action, with particular emphasis on gonads, based on the information available on medical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science) until May 2021.

Determination of neuron-specific enolase in patients with midgut-type tumour treated with somatostatin analogues.

Introduction: The biochemical diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) uses assays of specific and nonspecific markers. Nonspecific markers include, among others, neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The aim of this study was to evaluate NSE in patients with midgut type tumours treated with somatostatin analogues.

Selected thyreology problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism - did anything change?

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) observed the scale of epidemic risk and declared the state of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most countries, including Poland, implemented national and local emergency management plans to deal with the imminent threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection, one of the most serious in this century, according to many experts. In the era of pandemic, during which an epidemiological regime and social distancing are constantly recommended, and routine medical care and planned surgical procedures have been postponed or significantly reduced, patients and their physicians have to struggle on a daily basis with difficult access to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Polymorphism in BACH2 gene is a marker of polyglandular autoimmunity.

Purpose: Genetically predisposed individuals may develop several autoimmune diseases-autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). APS types 2-4, are complex disorders, which combine various organ-specific autoimmune conditions. Recent reports support the considerable role of the BACH2 gene in immune cell differentiation and shifting the T-cell balance towards regulatory T-cells.

Effect of restoration of euthyroidism on visfatin concentrations and body composition in women.

Dysregulation of thyroid function has known impact on body metabolism, however, data regarding metabolic outcome after restoration of thyroid function is limited. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of restoration of euthyroidism on serum visfatin, and its associations with insulin resistance and body composition. This is an observational study with consecutive enrollment.

and expression in papillary thyroid cancer.

Recent studies have revealed the significant role of and genes in the development and aggressiveness of numerous types of malignant tumor. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression of and in papillary thyroid cancer, and to determine the correlation between the expression of these genes and clinical characteristics. Resected thyroid tissue samples from 62 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were investigated.

Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect against Iodine Deficiency?

Iodine deficiency is a global issue and affects around 2 billion people worldwide, with pregnant women as a high-risk group. Iodine-deficiency prevention began in the 20th century and started with global salt iodination programmes, which aimed to improve the iodine intake status globally. Although it resulted in the effective eradication of the endemic goitre, it seems that salt iodination did not resolve all the issues.

Chromogranin A assessment in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm of the small bowel and carcinoid syndrome treated with somatostatin analogues.

Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) is one of the non-specific markers measured in the biochemical diagnostics of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).

Objectives: To analyze the CgA levels of patients with carcinoid syndrome who are being treated with somatostatin analogues (SSAs), depending on the histologic maturity of the neoplasm, the degree of liver involvement and the stage of the disease.

Material And Methods: The study group comprised of 41 patients, including 29 women (70.