[Photoprotection and its implications for drug safety].

Appropriate photoprotection plays a key role in the safety of using medicinal preparations whose active substances may induce photosensitivity reactions. This aspect applies not only to drugs applied topically to the skin, but also systemically. Drug-induced photosensitivity reactions to light depend on the active substance contained in the medicinal product and its dose, which translates into the concentration in the skin, the type of ultraviolet radiation, its intensity and exposure time.

Dental Hygiene Students' Perceptions of Importance and Confidence in Applying Motivational Interviewing During Patient Care.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based, patient-centered counseling approach for eliciting behavior change. In 2012, the University of Michigan (U-M) Dental Hygiene Program significantly enhanced their behavior change curriculum by reinforcing and building upon the Motivational Interviewing segment. The purpose of this study was to examine students' perceptions of the importance of MI and their confidence in applying it during patient care.

Effects of Incentive-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Pregnant Women on Birth Outcomes.

Objectives Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an important modifiable risk factor for poor birth outcomes. We evaluated whether participation in a statewide incentive-based smoking cessation program for pregnant women, the Baby & Me-Tobacco Free (BMTF) program, was associated with improved birth outcomes. Methods Linked program and birth certificate data from 866 pregnant smokers who participated in the BMTF program and 11,568 pregnant smokers who were eligible for but did not enroll in the program were analyzed.

Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption of a permanent first molar.

For the last 70 years, the phenomenon of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PIR) has been described in the literature, including a number of case reports illustrating the challenges clinicians face in diagnosing and managing these resorptive defects. Pre-eruptively affected teeth can be difficult to access and posteruptively they are difficult to diagnose because the defects resemble caries. Many times, these defects are not detected until after eruption, when the majority are diagnosed as dental decay and teeth are often subjected to surgical tooth restoration.

Nursing and dental students' and pediatric dentistry residents' responses to experiences with interprofessional education.

Interprofessional education (IPE) has received increasingly more attention over recent years. The objectives of this study were to assess 1) how nursing students' considerations concerning their own oral health and oral health-related knowledge changed from before to after experiencing IPE; 2) how nursing students', dental students', and pediatric dentistry residents' IPE-related attitudes and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) scores changed after experiencing an IPE rotation; and 3) how these groups' attitudes and RIPLS scores were related. Data were collected from three groups who participated in an IPE rotation: thirty-eight of forty third-year dental students (95 percent response rate), all thirty-three nursing students (100 percent), and all six pediatric dentistry residents (100 percent) prior to the rotation, and 100 percent of each group after the rotation.

Kilowatt-peak-power, single-frequency, pulsed fiber laser near 2 μm.

We generated single-frequency pulses at kilowatt peak power from an all-fiber Tm-doped master oscillator power amplifier system, which is the first report of this kind (to the best of our knowledge) of a laser in the 2 μm region. Compared with the laser linewidth of seed pulses, spectral broadening by a factor of 3 was observed with the amplified pulses. This was attributed to self-phase modulation in passive pigtail fibers of the components (isolator and wavelength division multiplexing) that were placed after the fiber amplifier.

Chronic shoulder pain: part II. Treatment.

Chronic shoulder pain is a common problem in the primary care physician's office. Effective treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis of the more common etiologies: rotator cuff disorders, adhesive capsulitis, acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, glenohumeral osteoarthritis, and instability. Activity modification and analgesic medications comprise the initial treatment in most cases.

Chronic shoulder pain: part I. Evaluation and diagnosis.

Shoulder pain is defined as chronic when it has been present for longer than six months. Common conditions that can result in chronic shoulder pain include rotator cuff disorders, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instability, and shoulder arthritis. Rotator cuff disorders include tendinopathy, partial tears, and complete tears.

Plasma taurine concentrations and M-mode echocardiographic measures in healthy cats and in cats with dilated cardiomyopathy.

M-mode echocardiography was completed and plasma taurine concentrations were determined in 79 healthy cats and 77 cats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In healthy cats, a relationship was not observed between plasma taurine concentrations and any M-mode echocardiographic measurement. End-systolic and end-diastolic cardiac chamber dimensions were larger; wall thickness measures were smaller; and calculations of fractional shortening were less in cats with DCM than in healthy cats.

Transmethylation of homocysteine to methionine: efficiency in the rat and chick.

Experiments were conducted with young chicks and rats to quantify the efficacy of L-homocysteine as a methionine precursor. Linear growth responses were obtained to both L-methionine and L-homocysteine when added to a methionine-deficient intact-protein diet containing a plethora of cystine. Slope-ratio multiple regression methodology indicated L-homocysteine to be 64.

Antagonism of arginine by excess dietary lysine in the growing dog.

Experiments were conducted with growing English Pointer puppies to examine the effects of ingesting excess lysine. A purified crystalline amino acid basal diet containing 0.40% L-arginine (the arginine requirement for maximal weight gain) and 0.

Reduction of liver copper concentration by the organic arsenical, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid.

The interaction between 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (roxarsone) and Cu was studied in a series of experiments with crossbred, broiler-type chicks. A fully fortified corn-soybean meal diet was fed in all assays. While roxarsone caused a marked reduction in liver Cu concentration, arsanilic acid (4-aminophenylarsonic acid), As2O3 and As2O5 were without effect.

Arsenic-sulfur amino acid interactions in the chick.

Experiments were conducted with growing crossbred chicks to determine the reasons why cysteine exacerbates roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) toxicity. A fortified corn-soybean meal diet that met or exceeded all nutrient requirements of the young chick was fed. While cysteine enhanced roxarsone toxicity, it had little effect on the toxicity of the inorganic arsenicals As2O3 and As2O5.

Effect of 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid on copper utilization by the pig, rat and chick.

Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of dietary roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) on Cu utilization by the pig, chick and rat. A fortified corn-soybean meal diet was fed in each experiment. Roxarsone dramatically reduced liver Cu concentration at all levels of supplemental Cu fed.

Feed additive interactions in the chicken: reduction of tissue copper deposition by dietary roxarsone in healthy and in Eimeria acervulina-infected or Eimeria tenella-infected chicks.

Interactions among roxarsone, copper, and coccidiosis were studied in growing crossbred chicks. Corn-soy or corn-soy-corn gluten meal diets were fed in all assays. In the absence of supplemental copper, 50 mg/kg roxarsone did not affect gain.

Urea cycle function in the dog with emphasis on the role of arginine.

English Pointer puppies were used in experiments designed to assess urea cycle function. A preliminary assay revealed a dietary arginine (Arg) requirement of 0.40% for maximal weight gain of puppies fed a chemically defined L-amino acid diet.

Methionine peptides as potential food supplements: efficacy and susceptibility to Maillard browning.

Three experiments were conducted with young chicks fed purified diets to ascertain the bioefficacy of six different methionylmethionine (Met-Met) dipeptides, differing only in isomeric configuration, an oligopeptide (n = 8) of L-methionine, and also N-glycyl-L-methionine. DL/LD-Met-Met (50% D-Met-L-Met and 50% L-Met-D-Met), D-Met-L-Met, L-Met-D-Met, L-Met-L-Met, and N-Gly-L-Met were utilized as well as L-Met based on weight gain per millimole of sulfur consumed from each experimental compound. DD/LL-Met-Met (50% D-Met-D-Met and 50% L-Met-L-Met), D-Met-D-Met and L-oligo-Met were utilized less efficiently for chick growth.

Precursor (amino acid): product (vitamin) interrelationship for growing chicks as illustrated by tryptophan-niacin and methionine-choline.

Experiments were conducted with crossbred chicks to examine the growth response to a vitamin when its precursor amino acid was in either deficient or adequate supply in the diet and vice versa. The tryptophan-niacin and methionine-choline interrelationships were thus examined. No growth responses to dietary niacin or choline were observed during severe tryptophan or methionine deficiency, respectively.

The choline-methionine interrelationship for growth of the chick.

Three experiments involving 1230 battery-reared crossbred chicks were conducted to evaluate the potential sparing effect of choline on methionine and vice versa. Experiment 1 employed a crystalline amino acid diet to establish the sulfur-amino acid (SAA) and choline requirement for maximal feed efficiency of chicks during the period 8 to 18 days posthatching. Six graded levels of DL-methionine (.

Utilization of D- and L-tryptophan by the growing dog.

Two 4 x 4 Latin square experiments were conducted with English Pointer puppies to determine the growth promoting capacity of D-tryptophan (trp) relative to L-trp and to estimate the trp requirement of the growing dog. Based upon a multiple linear regression slope-ratio technique, D-trp had an efficacy value of 35.5 +/- 6.

Tolerance of the chick to excess dietary cadmium as influenced by dietary cysteine and by experimental infection with Eimeria acervulina.

Three experiments were conducted with 9-d-old crossbred chicks to determine the effect of supplemental L-cysteine.HCl.H2O on tolerance to excess dietary Cd.

Roxarsone toxicity in the chick as influenced by dietary cysteine and copper and by experimental infection with Eimeria acervulina.

A series of experiments was conducted with crossbred chicks to determine the effects of L-cysteine, copper, and coccidiosis on roxarsone toxicity. Levels of roxarsone in excess of 50 mg/kg depressed performance and increased kidney arsenic concentration. L-cysteine x HCl x H2O (59%) increased rate and efficiency of gain when added to the basal diet, but depressed performance, increased kidney arsenic concentration, and enhanced mortality when added to diets containing toxic levels of roxarsone (200 mg/kg or higher).

[Antigenicity of the human trophoblast].

In this a rabbit immunological serum against human trophoblast was obtained after triple intramuscular superficial villi extract injection from chorion of 6--7 week pregnancy with Freund's adjuvant. In immunofluorescent indirect reaction to this serum made on chorion and placenta sections some most intense specific fluorescence was obtained in cytoplasm of primordial cyto- and synytiotrophoblast. Some favourable influence of antigenic differences between ovum and mother especially implantation has been suggested.