Power Doppler Sonography (PDS) and Modified TRUS Systematic Biopsies - Can this Combination Adequately Replace Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mp-MRI) in Candidates for Re Biopsies Who cannot Undergo mp-MRI.

The MRI targeted biopsy (MRI-TBx) may increase the detection rate of clinically significant cancer (csPCa) in candidates for re-biopsy. However, there will be several patients in whom MRI is contraindicated. In this retrospective study we assessed the ability of combination of PDS guided biopsies (PDS-TBx) and modified SBx to substitute MRI-TBx.

Percutaneous US-guided renal cryoablation using 3D modeling.

Introduction: The article describes the first experience of performing percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided cryoablation of renal tumor and assesses the safety and short-term results of treatment.

Materials And Methods: Twelve patients were subjected to US-guided cryoablation of renal tumor in 2015. The tumor size in 11 patients was up to 3.

Influence of Demography and Personality on Patient Choice of Treatment in Symptomatic Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.

Unlabelled: Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-dependent urological condition that can adversely affect quality of life if the patient's treatment choice is inap- propriate.

Objectives: To examine whether patients' demography and personality affect their decision regarding the type of treatment: namely, conservative or surgical.

Methods: A total of 105 BPH patients treated during the period 2005-2008 were retrospectively categorized into three groups according to treatment received: (i) medication only (n = 056), (ii) combined treatment (the initial medication treatment was switched to surgical treatment) (n = 32), and (iii) surgery only (n = 17).

Patients with Persistently Elevated PSA and Negative Results of TRUS-Biopsy: Does 6-Month Treatment with Dutasteride can Indicate Candidates for Re-Biopsy. What is the Best of Saturation Schemes: Transrectal or Transperineal Approach?

To identify patients who actually need a re - biopsy, based on alterations in PSA readings after 6-month treatment with Dutasteride. We also sought to bring out the most beneficial re-biopsy scheme. We have reviewed the records of patients with persistently elevated PSA and at least one set of TRUS biopsies.

Study of urological devices coated with fullerene-like nanoparticles.

Insertion of endoscopes and other medical devices into the human body are ubiquitous, especially among aged males. The applied force for the insertion/extraction of the device from the urethra must overcome endoscope-surface-human-tissue interactions. In daily practice a gel is applied on the endoscope surface, in order to facilitate its entry into the urethra, providing also for local anesthesia.

Radical cystectomy with W-shaped orthotopic ileal neobladder constructed with non-absorbable titanium staples-long term follow-up.

Purposes: We retrospectively assessed our experience with the W-shaped orthotopic ileal pouch, which was constructed with non-absorbable titanium staples. For these purpose, we discuss the results of bladder capacity, urinary continence and early and long-term postoperative complications.

Materials And Methods: We included in the study 17 patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy followed by construction of an orthotopic W-shaped ileal pouch between October 2000 and November 2009.

Application of an interstitial and biodegradable balloon system for prostate-rectum separation during prostate cancer radiotherapy: a prospective multi-center study.

Background And Purpose: Rectal toxicity presents a significant limiting factor in prostate radiotherapy regimens. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of an implantable and biodegradable balloon specifically designed to protect rectal tissue during radiotherapy by increasing the prostate-rectum interspace.

Patients And Methods: Balloons were transperineally implanted, under transrectal ultrasound guidance, into the prostate-rectum interspace in 27 patients with localized prostate cancer scheduled to undergo radiotherapy.

Interstitial biodegradable balloon for reduced rectal dose during prostate radiotherapy: results of a virtual planning investigation based on the pre- and post-implant imaging data of an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To evaluate dose reduction caused by the implantation of an interstitial inflatable and biodegradable balloon device aiming to achieve lower rectal doses with virtual 3D conformal external beam radiation treatment.

Materials And Methods: An inflatable balloon device was placed, interstitially and under transrectal ultrasound guidance, into the rectal-prostate interspace prior treatment initiation of 26 patients with localized prostate cancer, who elected to be treated with radiotherapy (3D CRT or IMRT). The pre- and post-implant CT imaging data of twenty two patients were collected (44 images) for the purpose of the 3D conformal virtual planning presented herein.

Transrectal ultrasonography-guided injection of long-acting steroids in the treatment of recurrent/resistant anastomotic stenosis after radical prostatectomy.

Background And Purpose: Different techniques have been used for the treatment of patients with anastomotic stenosis after radical prostatectomy (RP). In this retrospective study, we analyzed our experience with urethral dilation and consecutive transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided injections of long-acting steroids in the scar area.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who underwent RP in our department from 2002 to 2010 and presented to the outpatient clinics with symptomatic anastomotic stenosis.

Epigenetic analyses in blood cells of men suspected of prostate cancer predict the outcome of biopsy better than serum PSA levels.

Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer-the most frequent (noncutaneous) tumor in men-display epigenetic aberrations (altered modes of allelic replication) characteristic of the malignant phenotype. The present study aims to determine whether replication aberrations add certainty to the suspicion of prostate cancer provided by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. The allelic replication mode (whether synchronous or asynchronous) was exemplified for RB1 and AML1.

Watchful waiting and active surveillance approach in patients with low risk localized prostatic cancer: an experience of out-patients clinic with 12-year follow-up.

In this study we evaluated the safety of expectant approach in the patients with low risk prostate cancer in the reality of community based out-patients clinics. 48 men were enrolled into the study. The inclusion criteria were age ranged from 60 to 75 years and the Epstein criteria for low risk prostate cancer.

Replication timing aberrations and aneuploidy in peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients.

Background: Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with hematological malignancies or solid tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma or prostate cancer, display epigenetic aberrations (loss of synchronous replication of allelic counterparts) and genetic changes (aneuploidy) characteristic of the cancerous phenotype. This study sought to determine whether such alterations could differentiate breast cancer patients from cancer-free subjects.

Methods: The HER2 locus-an oncogene assigned to chromosome 17 whose amplification is associated with breast cancer (BCA)-and the pericentromeric satellite sequence of chromosome 17 (CEN17) were used for replication timing assessments.

The aberrant asynchronous replication - characterizing lymphocytes of cancer patients - is erased following stem cell transplantation.

Background: Aberrations of allelic replication timing are epigenetic markers observed in peripheral blood cells of cancer patients. The aberrant markers are non-cancer-type-specific and are accompanied by increased levels of sporadic aneuploidy. The study aimed at following the epigenetic markers and aneuploidy levels in cells of patients with haematological malignancies from diagnosis to full remission, as achieved by allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT).

Cryoablation of the prostate: technical recommendations.

The European Association of Urology guidelines on prostate cancer state that cryotherapy is a true therapeutic alternative for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The aim of this paper is to establish a uniform practice for performing prostate cryoablation. A collaboration has been set up among five European centres with experience in almost 1000 prostate cancer patients on the use of cryotherapy.

7 to 10 years' follow-up of 573 patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (>4 ng/mL) or/and suspected rectal examination: biopsies protocol and follow-up guides.

Purpose: In this study, we tried to design a scheme for performing transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS)-biopsies that would be accurate and include the optimal number of cores.

Patients And Methods: We included in this study 600 consecutive patients with suspicious findings on a per-rectum examination and/or an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (>4 ng/mL) level. Patients were followed for 7 to 10 years.

Effect of short-term dutasteride therapy on prostate vascularity in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a pilot study.

Objectives: In this study we assessed the possible influence of dutasteride (types 1 and 2 isoenzymes of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) on prostate tissue vascularity. We also attempted to evaluate whether preoperative treatment with dutasteride could help to avoid excessive bleeding in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P).

Methods: This pilot study has 3 phases.

Patients with elevated serum PSA and indwelling catheter after acute urinary retention: prospective study of 63 patients with 7-year follow-up.

Background And Purpose: Elevated PSA value in the presence of an indwelling catheter is still an enigma. The aims of this prospective study were: to investigate the reliability of elevated PSA levels in patients with normal DRE and indwelling catheter after AUR; to assess the impact of preoperative TRUS-biopsy in detecting prostate cancer in such circumstances; to estimate the crucial duration of follow-up period.

Patients And Methods: 63 patients were included in the study.

Modified perianal/pericapsular anesthesia for transrectal biopsy of prostate in patients with anal rectal problems.

Objectives: To modify our technique of perianal anesthesia and use it in patients with painful conditions of the rectum and/or anus.

Methods: A total of 31 consecutive patients with anal-rectal problems underwent prostate needle biopsy. Of these, 17 were referred to our hospital after vain attempts to insert a transrectal ultrasound probe.

Redo midurethral synthetic sling for female stress urinary incontinence.

Tension-free transvaginal tape (TVT) placement has recently become the preferred therapeutic approach for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in some centers. There are, however, no clearcut guidelines of how to treat patients in whom the procedure has failed. We describe our experience with repeat midurethral synthetic sling (MUS) implantation after a failed similar procedure.

Non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) and dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS) in the patients with refractory renal colic.

Objectives: To assess the importance of combined use of non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) and dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS) in evaluation of patients with refractory flank pain in the emergency department.

Methods: The study involved 64 consecutive patients with refractory renal colic. All patients were evaluated with plain abdominal films kidneys, ureters and bladder (KUB), NCCT and DRS.

Predictive criteria for prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentration of 2.0 to 4.0 ng/mL.

Objectives: To assess the usefulness of measuring testosterone, free testosterone, and the free/total (f/t) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio with the intention of reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies in the patients with PSA values between 2.0 and 4.0 ng/mL.

Human CTL epitopes prostatic acid phosphatase-3 and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-3 as candidates for prostate cancer immunotherapy.

Specific immunotherapy of prostate cancer may be an alternative or be complementary to other approaches for treatment of recurrent or metastasized disease. This study aims at identifying and characterizing prostate cancer-associated peptides capable of eliciting specific CTL responses in vivo. Evaluation of peptide-induced CTL activity in vitro was done following immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic (HHD) mice.

Filling cystoureterography facilitates stone visualization in patients with previously inserted double-J ureteral stents.

In our study, we assessed the ability of a filling cystogram to induce vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to evaluate its role in stone targeting during ESWL in the presence of a double-J ureteral stent (JJ-S). Filling cystoureterography was performed during ESWL in 17 patients with previously inserted 4.7 F JJ-S.

Emergency extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for acute renal colic caused by upper urinary-tract stones.

Purpose: To evaluate emergency SWL for the treatment of upper urinary-tract stones causing renal colic.

Patients And Methods: Between January 1999 and June 2003, 53 patients with a mean age of 46.6 years (range 22-65 years) were enrolled.

Comparison of different local anesthesia techniques during TRUS-guided biopsies: a prospective pilot study.

Objectives: To introduce two forms of anesthesia and compare them with standard local anesthesia techniques.

Methods: A total of 114 consecutive patients underwent prostate needle biopsy. The patients were sequentially randomized to receive different kinds of anesthesia: 2% rectal lidocaine gel, 40% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with lidocaine, perianal injection of 1% lidocaine, or periprostatic nerve block.