Novel and emerging approaches in the management of non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has traditionally been managed with transurethral resection followed by intravesical chemotherapy and/or bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in a risk-adapted manner. These tumors commonly recur and can progress potentially to lethal muscle invasive disease. A major unmet need in the field of NMIBC is bladder preserving therapy for recurrent high-grade NMIBC after adequate intravesical BCG therapy.

Expanding the trauma code to other causes of hemorrhagic shock — ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Expediting life-saving care for hemorrhagic shock through multi-disciplinary code protocols is a potential method to improve outcomes. Trauma codes have become standard of care at most tertiary care centres; however, it is unclear if similar protocols can improve delivery of care for other forms of hemorrhagic shock. We examined the feasibility of a code protocol for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAAs) by reviewing the literature and comparing patient outcomes for RAAA and trauma patients at our institution, where the latter have a wellestablished trauma code protocol.

Diagnostic outcome and indications for testing in patients with positive ANCA at a Canadian tertiary care centre.

Introduction/objective: With widespread availability of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing, interpreting positive results has become increasingly challenging. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate indications for testing and diagnosis of patients with positive ANCA.

Methods: Positive ANCA tests (immunofluorescence or immunoassay) performed between April 2014 and March 2015 were identified using the Ottawa Hospital (TOH) laboratory information system.

IL-1 mediates amyloid-associated islet dysfunction and inflammation in human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic mice.

Aims/hypothesis: Aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) to form amyloid contributes to beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Human but not non-amyloidogenic rodent IAPP induces islet macrophage proIL-1β synthesis. We evaluated the effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) on islet inflammation and dysfunction in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes with amyloid formation.