Quantification of 3-Hydroxypropyl Mercapturic Acid in the Urine of Patients with Breast Cancer to Monitor Cyclophosphamide Toxicity.

Background: The alkylating agent cyclophosphamide is used in chemotherapy regimens for various type of cancer. However, cyclophosphamide may lead to toxic side effects on the bladder, namely hemorrhagic cystitis, which can cause hematuria, and, potentially, bladder cancer. These effects are caused by acrolein, a byproduct of cyclophosphamide metabolism.