On the manipulator-focused response to manipulation cases.

In this paper, we identify a class of responses to cases of manipulation that we label . The key insight of such views is that being subject to the will of another agent significantly affects our freedom and moral responsibility. Though different authors take this key insight in different directions, and the mechanics of their views are quite different, these views turn out to share many key components, and this allows us to discuss several authors' views at the same time, highlighting a variety of challenges for such views and helping to identify pitfalls to avoid in further developments of views of this type.

Manipulation cases in free will and moral responsibility, part 2: Manipulator-focused responses.

In this paper-Part 2 of 3-we discuss one of the two main types of soft-line responses to manipulation cases, which we refer to as manipulator-focused views. Manipulator-focused views hold, roughly, that the reason that Victim lacks responsibility (or lacks full responsibility) is because of the way the action is related to the Manipulator. First, we introduce these views generally, and then we survey some detailed versions of such views.

Manipulation Cases in Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Part 1: Cases and Arguments.

A common style of argument in the literature on free will and moral responsibility is the Manipulation Argument. These tend to begin with a case of an agent in a deterministic universe who is manipulated, say, via brain surgery, into performing some action. Intuitively, this agent is not responsible for that action.

Malleable national collective memories among Black and White Americans.

How do groups remember their shared past? Are there individual differences within a group? How easy is it to change collective memories? The present article addresses these questions by focusing on differences within national subgroups, exploring how national collective memories might differ for Black and White Americans, how individual differences and external influences might moderate or alter any differences, and the temporal extent of any changes that might occur due to external influences. Across four studies, participants were asked to identify the five "most important" events in U.S.

First Experiences with Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids for Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss: A Case Report.

This patient case report describes a first experience in late 2022 and early 2023 with over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids for a 71-year-old male with self-perceived, age-related hearing loss. The patient reported no "red flag" medical conditions that would preclude him from safely using an OTC hearing aid device. After also meeting inclusionary criteria required to be printed on the device label, the patient was offered FDA registered OTC hearing aids.

Proteome characterization of the culture supernatant of in different growth stages.

This study aimed to identify proteins secreted by into culture medium at different stages of bacterial growth. A field strain of was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 media and culture supernatant was collected at three-time points representing three different phases of growth (early exponential, late exponential, and stationary phases). Supernatants were double filtered, digested by trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS.

A Program of Research to Evaluate the Impact of Deceased Organ Donation Legislative Reform in Nova Scotia: The LEADDR Program.

Background: This is the first time deemed consent, where the entire population of a jurisdiction is considered to have consented for donation unless they have registered otherwise, will be implemented in North America. While relatively common in other regions of the world-notably Western Europe-it is uncertain how this practice will influence deceased donation practices and attitudes in Canada.

Methods: We describe a Health Canada funded program of research that will evaluate the implementation process and full impact of the deceased organ donation legislation and the health system transformation in Nova Scotia that includes opt-out consent.

A comprehensive proteomics profiling identifies NRP1 as a novel identity marker of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles.

Background: Clinical applications have shown extracellular vesicles (EVs) to be a major paracrine effector in therapeutic responses produced by human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs). As the regenerative capacity of EVs is mainly ascribed to the transfer of proteins and RNA composing its cargo, and to the activity attributed by the protein surface markers, we sought to profile the protein composition of small EVs released from hMSCs to identify hMSC-EV biomarkers with potential clinical relevance.

Methods: Small EVs were produced and qualified from five human bone marrow MSC donors at low passage following a 48-h culture in exosome-depleted medium further processed by steps of centrifugation, filtration, and precipitation.

PD-1 of Sigmodon hispidus: Gene identification, characterization and preliminary evaluation of expression in inactivated RSV vaccine-induced enhanced respiratory disease.

Sigmodon hispidus or cotton rat is an excellent animal model for studying human infections of respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants and causes high rates of infection in the elderly and immunocompromised patient populations. Despite several decades of research, no vaccine has been licensed whereas inactivated vaccines have been shown to induce severe adverse reaction in a clinical trial, with other forms of RSV vaccine also found to induce enhanced disease in preclinical animal studies. While arguably the cotton rat is the best small animal model for evaluation of RSV vaccines and antivirals, many important genes of the immune system remain to be isolated.

Reflections on Conversations and Memory.

The study of memory and remembering has traditionally either stripped meaning away from acts of remembering to reveal the "raw material of memory" or explored how meaning guides the reconstruction of the past. In reflecting on the contributions to this topic, there appears to be an emerging "third-way," which holds that there is an inextricable relation between conversations and remembering. The articles in this volume exemplify how conversing is often an act of remembering and represent approaches to memory that might not otherwise be taken if one were to study memory as a within-individual phenomenon.

The differential effect of sub-micron level HA aggregates on influenza potency assays.

Influenza vaccines remain the most effective public health measure for the prevention of influenza-related illnesses. The primary immunogen in inactivated influenza vaccines is hemagglutinin (HA), the receptor binding protein of influenza. The concentration of HA during vaccine production and testing is standardized according to the level of antigen as measured by Single Radial Immunodiffusion Assay (SRID).

Chitosan alters inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine elicited immune responses without affecting lung histopathology in mice.

Chitosan is a polysaccharide capable of augmenting immune responses with a proven safety record in animals and humans. These properties make it a potentially attractive agent for the prevention and treatment of infectious disease. Infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of serious lower respiratory disease in young children throughout the world.

Unveiling Integrated Functional Pathways Leading to Enhanced Respiratory Disease Associated With Inactivated Respiratory Syncytial Viral Vaccine.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a severe threat to young children and the elderly. Despite decades of research, no vaccine has been approved. Notably, instead of affording protection, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine induced severe respiratory disease including deaths in vaccinated children in a 1960s clinical trial; however, recent studies indicate that other forms of experimental vaccines can also induce pulmonary pathology in pre-clinical studies.

Norm-based spontaneous categorization: Cultural norms shape meaning and memory.

When cultures have different norms for the same situation, does culture affect memory by influencing the weight individuals assign to information or also by affecting the meaning of information itself, influencing memory via categorization? We present 4 experiments showing that, in relying on contrasting cultural norms of reciprocity (Studies 1 and 2) and spiritual purity (Studies 3 and 4), Indians and Americans differ in their interpretation of and memory for identical information. Studies 1 ( = 123) and 3 ( = 78), utilizing cued-recall, and Studies 2 ( = 143) and 4 ( = 79), utilizing multiple-choice incidental-memory tests, show cultural differences in memory and categorization in culturally relevant normative domains. In Studies 1 and 2 Americans, applying their own culture-specific reciprocity norms, were more likely than Indians to interpret gifts given after receiving help as implying reciprocity.

Remarkable Structural Diversity of N-Glycan Sulfation on Influenza Vaccines.

Sulfated N-glycans are biologically important structures derived from enzymatically post-glycosylational modifications of glycoproteins in many therapeutic biologics. The high-throughput analysis of sulfated N-glycomes remains a daunting technical challenge, because of negatively charged heterogeneous composition, large molecular structures, lability of sulfate attachments, and a lack of highly selective enrichment methods. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the N-glycans of influenza viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from several subtypes of influenza vaccines, and utilized the existing resource to establish an N-glycan library consisting of 927 N-glycan structures and 387 sulfated N-glycan compositions.

Targeting CD40 enhances antibody- and CD8-mediated protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infects almost all children under the age of one and is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants. Despite several decades of research with dozens of candidate vaccines being vigorously evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies, there is no licensed vaccine available to date. Here, the RSV fusion protein (F) was fused with CD40 ligand and delivered by an adenoviral vector into BALB/c mice where the CD40 ligand serves two vital functions as a molecular adjuvant and an antigen-targeting molecule.

What's ours is yours: recall of history for lesser-known countries is guided by one's own national history.

The present studies examine how people recall history. Sometimes, certain national histories are well known and sometimes they are not. We propose that, under certain circumstances, culturally distinctive representations of typical national histories can be used to guide recall, particularly in cases where the history is not well known.

Apolipoprotein A-IV binds αIIbβ3 integrin and inhibits thrombosis.

Platelet αIIbβ3 integrin and its ligands are essential for thrombosis and hemostasis, and play key roles in myocardial infarction and stroke. Here we show that apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) can be isolated from human blood plasma using platelet β3 integrin-coated beads. Binding of apoA-IV to platelets requires activation of αIIbβ3 integrin, and the direct apoA-IV-αIIbβ3 interaction can be detected using a single-molecule Biomembrane Force Probe.

Topological N-glycosylation and site-specific N-glycan sulfation of influenza proteins in the highly expressed H1N1 candidate vaccines.

The outbreak of a pandemic influenza H1N1 in 2009 required the rapid generation of high-yielding vaccines against the A/California/7/2009 virus, which were achieved by either addition or deletion of a glycosylation site in the influenza proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. In this report, we have systematically evaluated the glycan composition, structural distribution and topology of glycosylation for two high-yield candidate reassortant vaccines (NIBRG-121xp and NYMC-X181A) by combining various enzymatic digestions with high performance liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry. Proteomic data analyses of the full-length protein sequences determined 9 N-glycosylation sites of hemagglutinin, and defined 6 N-glycosylation sites and the glycan structures of low abundance neuraminidase, which were occupied by high-mannose, hybrid and complex-type N-glycans.

Cellular immune responses of older adults to four influenza vaccines: Results of a randomized, controlled comparison.

Cellular immunity is important for protection against the serious complications of influenza in older adults. As it is unclear if newer influenza vaccines elicit greater cellular responses than standard vaccines, we compared responses to 2 standard and 2 newer licensed trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIVs) in a randomized trial in older adults. Non-frail adults ≥ 65 y old were randomly assigned to receive standard subunit, MF59-adjuvanted subunit, standard split-virus or intradermal split-virus TIV.

Data generated from three quantitative mass spectral methods for the analysis of trivalent influenza vaccine antigens are compared.

Herein we present the data necessary for generation of alternative means to produce equimolar mixtures of peptides ("Design and Expression of a QconCAT Protein to Validate Hi3 Protein Quantification of Influenza Vaccine Antigens" (D.G.S.

Design and expression of a QconCAT protein to validate Hi3 protein quantification of influenza vaccine antigens.

Unlabelled: Quantification of the antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in influenza vaccines has been reported using an antibody-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based method known as MS(E) "Hi3". This approach is based on the average signal intensity of the three most intense tryptic peptides relative to a primary standard. This strategy assumes that the Hi3 signal responses are consistent for all proteins, and therefore comparable to a spiked reference for absolute quantification.

Brief Report: Elastin Microfibril Interface 1 and Integrin-Linked Protein Kinase Are Novel Markers of Islet Regenerative Function in Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation is proposed as a novel therapy for treating diabetes by promoting the regeneration of damaged islets. The clinical promise of such treatments may be hampered by a high degree of donor-related variability in MSC function and a lack of standards for comparing potency. Here, we set out to identify markers of cultured human MSCs directly associated with islet regenerative function.