Comparison of behavioral activation-enhanced cognitive processing therapy and cognitive processing therapy among U.S. service members: A randomized clinical trial.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur and can cause significant impairment. Data are lacking as to whether interventions targeting both PTSD and MDD may improve treatment outcomes among individuals with this comorbidity compared with existing evidence-based PTSD treatments alone. This randomized trial compared the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) enhanced with behavioral activation (BA+CPT) versus CPT among 94 service members (52 women and 42 men; age M = 28.

Self-Reported Symptoms in U.S. Marines Following Blast- and Impact-Related Concussion.

Introduction: Recent research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has suggested that the mechanism of injury (i.e., whether the TBI was caused by high-level blast [HLB] vs.

All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates after severe extremity injuries among previously deployed active duty service members.

Background: Previous research has shown that active duty military personnel who sustain extremity injuries while in service are at elevated risk for serious physical and psychological health issues that could affect their long-term functioning and quality of life yet longer-term mortality has not been studied in this population.

Objective: To determine whether rates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality are elevated for active duty U.S.

Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines.

Psychological comorbidity, the co-occurrence of mental health disorders, is more often the rule than the exception among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research shows that prevalence estimates for specific psychological disorders differ by gender; however, little is known about whether these patterns persist in the presence of a comorbid PTSD diagnosis. This study examined gender differences in prevalence estimates for conditions comorbid with PTSD using medical records for 523,626 active duty U.

Occupational Risk of Low-Level Blast Exposure and TBI-Related Medical Diagnoses: A Population-Based Epidemiological Investigation (2005-2015).

Because traumatic brain injury (TBI)-most often caused by exposure to high-level blast (HLB)-is a leading cause of medical evacuations of deployed U.S. service members in recent conflicts, researchers seek to identify risk factors for TBI.

The Persistence of Blast- Versus Impact-Induced Concussion Symptomology Following Deployment.

Objective: To examine the persistence of concussion-related symptoms following injury as a function of mechanism of injury (high-level blast [HLB] vs impact) and low-level blast (LLB) exposure among Marines.

Setting: Upon return from deployment and approximately 6 months later, respectively, Marines completed the Post-Deployment Health Assessment and Post-Deployment Health Re-Assessment in an operational or clinic setting.

Participants: Data from active duty enlisted Marines who completed both assessments (n = 102 075) and who reported a potentially mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)-inducing event and completed an mTBI screen (n = 8106) were analyzed.

Getting on the Same Page: Consolidating Terminology to Facilitate Cross-Disciplinary Health-Related Blast Research.

The consequences of blast exposure (including both high-level and low-level blast) have been a focal point of military interest and research for years. Recent mandates from Congress (e.g.

Potential Health and Performance Effects of High-Level and Low-Level Blast: A Scoping Review of Two Decades of Research.

Although blast exposure has been recognized as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in military populations, our understanding of the effects of blast exposure, particularly low-level blast (LLB) exposure, on health outcomes remains limited. This scoping review provides a comprehensive, accessible review of the peer-reviewed literature that has been published on blast exposure over the past two decades, with specific emphasis on LLB. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the scientific literature published between January 2000 and 2019 pertaining to the effects of blast injury and/or exposure on human and animal health.

Predictors of Symptom Increase in Subsyndromal PTSD Among Previously Deployed Military Personnel.

Introduction: Subsyndromal PTSD (sub-PTSD) is associated with functional impairment and increased risk for full PTSD. This study examined factors associated with progression from sub-PTSD to full PTSD symptomatology among previously deployed military veterans.

Materials And Methods: Data were drawn from a longitudinal survey of Navy and Marine Corps personnel leaving military service between 2007 and 2010 administered immediately before separation (baseline) and ~1 year later (follow-up).

Studying the Health and Performance of Shipboard Sailors: An Evidence Map.

Introduction: It is estimated that sailors who are assigned to surface ships and submarines are deployed for more than 1 year across their careers and they spend 15% to 23% of their time away from home. Research suggests that shipboard sailors experience rates of behavioral health issues similar to those with ground combat experiences. Despite the rigorous operational tempo and the unique shipboard environment experienced by these service members, little military health research has examined the health outcomes of sailors serving aboard ships.

Self-Reported Concussion Symptomology during Deployment: Differences as a Function of Injury Mechanism and Low-Level Blast Exposure.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which can result from either direct impact to the head or blast exposure, has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recent military conflicts. However, little research has compared mTBIs by mechanism of injury. The present research addressed two research questions: (1) Are blast-related mTBIs (mbTBIs) associated with significantly more symptoms than impact-related mTBIs (miTBIs), and (2) are mTBIs associated with more self-reported symptoms among service members with higher (vs.

Blast Exposure and Risk of Recurrent Occupational Overpressure Exposure Predict Deployment TBIs.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recent military conflicts and deployment-related TBIs are most commonly caused by blast. However, knowledge of risk factors that increase susceptibility to TBI following an acute, high-level blast is limited. We hypothesized that recurrent occupational overpressure exposure (ROPE) may be one factor that increases susceptibility to mild TBI (mTBI) following blast.

Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychological Comorbidities Among U.S. Active Duty Service Members, 2006-2013.

Among active duty service members, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses have increased dramatically since 2000. Because psychiatric comorbidity is more common for PTSD than for other mental health disorders, we examined the prevalence estimates of disorders comorbid or trimorbid with PTSD in this study. The medical records of 523,626 female and male active duty Sailors and Marines who entered the U.

Evaluation of an integrated treatment for active duty service members with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with major depressive disorder (MDD) in both civilian and military/veteran populations. Existing, evidence-based PTSD treatments, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT), often reduce symptoms of both PTSD and depression; however, findings related to the influence of comorbid MDD on PTSD treatment outcomes are mixed, and few studies use samples of individuals with both conditions. Behavioral activation (BA), an approach that relies on behavioral principles, is an effective treatment for depression.