Publications by authors named "Cynthia S M Wong"
Introduction: Holistic Approach in Lowering and Tracking Chronic Kidney Disease (HALT-CKD) is a nationwide programme that was introduced in 2017 to combat CKD in Singapore. This study aims to evaluate outcomes of the HALT-CKD programme and identify factors influencing disease progression among early CKD patients.
Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adult patients aged 21 to 80 with CKD stages G1-G3A, recruited from 5 Singapore polyclinics between 2017 and 2018.
Background: Interprofessional collaborative care such as a split-shared care model involving family physicians and community pharmacists can reduce the economic burden of diabetes management. This study aimed to evaluate the economic outcome of a split-shared care model between family physicians and community pharmacists within a pharmacy chain in managing people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and polypharmacy.
Method: This was a multi-center, parallel arm, open label, randomized controlled trial comparing the direct and indirect economic outcomes of people who received collaborative care involving community pharmacists (intervention) versus those who received usual care without community pharmacist involvement (control).
Aim: To evaluate the clinical and humanistic outcomes of a community pharmacist-involved collaborative care model in diabetes management.
Methods: This was a parallel arm, open-label, multi-centre randomized controlled trial conducted over 6 months. Subjects with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c ≥ 7.
Introduction: Although luminal delivery of butyrate is one putative mechanism by which biology of the colonic epithelium might be influenced by changes in luminal contents, there is a paucity of supportive cause-effect evidence. This study aimed to directly establish whether distal colonic butyrate delivery is able to alter the response of the distal colonic epithelium to a carcinogen.
Methods: Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats with chronically intubated colons received infusions of 80 mM butyrate or 0.
Soluble fibres, such as guar gum, promote and wheat bran or methylcellulose protect from chemically induced colon carcinogenesis, relative to the effect of a fibre-free diet in rats. Mechanisms are poorly understood. Whereas all fibres are trophic to the colonic epithelium, the heterogeneity of effects on carcinogenesis may reflect different effects on the total number of crypts and, therefore, the size of the stem cell population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Luminal butyrate may be trophic to the colonic epithelium, but this effect is poorly characterized. The aim of the present study was to define the dose-response, time-course, site-specificity and the dependence on background diet of the effects of butyrate on epithelial proliferation in normal distal colon, using an in vivo rat model of colonic substrate delivery.
Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, maintained on a fibre-free diet, had butyrate infused twice daily into the colonic lumen via polyethylene tubes placed at laparotomy.
Introduction: A rat model of long-term colonic intubation has been developed to facilitate the in vivo study of colonic biology. This study aims to characterize this model.
Methods: The effects of intubation and sham surgery on animal behavior and weight gain were measured and compared with unoperated controls.