Velagliflozin, a once-daily, liquid, oral SGLT2 inhibitor, is effective as a stand-alone therapy for feline diabetes mellitus: the SENSATION study.

Objective: To investigate safety and effectiveness of velagliflozin oral solution as sole therapy in naïve and previously insulin-treated diabetic cats.

Animals: 252 client-owned cats receiving ≥ 2 doses of velagliflozin; 214 (85%) naïve diabetics and 38 (15%) insulin-treated diabetics.

Procedures: Prospective, baseline-controlled, open-label clinical field trial.

2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism.

Clinical Context: Since 1979 and 1980 when the first reports of clinical feline hyperthyroidism (FHT) appeared in the literature, our understanding of the disease has evolved tremendously. Initially, FHT was a disease that only referral clinicians treated. Now it is a disease that primary clinicians routinely manage.

Effect of dexamethasone or synthetic ACTH administration on endogenous ACTH concentrations in healthy dogs.

Objective: To determine the effects of dexamethasone or synthetic ACTH administration on endogenous ACTH concentrations in healthy dogs.

Animals: 10 healthy neutered dogs.

Procedures: Each dog received dexamethasone (0.

Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid gland cells from euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats.

Objective: To evaluate alterations in ligand-stimulated activity of G proteins in thyroid gland cells of hyperthyroid cats.

Sample Population: Membranes of thyroid gland cells isolated from 5 hyperthyroid cats and 3 age-matched euthyroid (control) cats immediately after the cats were euthanatized.

Procedures: Isolated thyroid cell membranes were treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activation of G protein was quantified by measurement of the binding of guanosine triphosphate gamma labeled with sulfur 35 (GTPgamma(35)S).

Feline thyroid storm: rapid recognition to improve patient survival.

In human medicine, thyroid storm is a well-recognized condition of acute thyrotoxicosis in which the patient's metabolic, thermoregulatory, and cardiovascular mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive circulating levels of thyroid hormone. The etiology is unknown, but multiple precipitating factors have been proposed. Hyperthyroid cats presenting in thyrotoxic crisis have clinical signs similar to those of human thyroid storm patients; however, thyroid storm has not yet been fully characterized in veterinary medicine.

Flexible endoscopy in small animals.

Flexible endoscopy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of many small animal digestive tract diseases. This article provides a basic introduction to small animal gastrointestinal endoscopy including its diagnostic advantages as well as its limitations and complications. Although proficiency in endoscopic techniques can only be obtained through many hours of practice, this article should also encourage and stimulate the novice endoscopist.

Dermoid cysts presenting as enlarged thyroid glands in a cat.

A 5-year-old spayed female cat was evaluated for hyperthyroidism based on an elevated free thyroxine (T(4)) measurement and bilaterally enlarged symmetric subcutaneous masses in the area of the thyroid glands. Physical examination revealed bilateral subcutaneous masses on either side of the cervical trachea. Blood was obtained for serum biochemical profile and thyroid function analysis.

Liver function in cats with hyperthyroidism before and after 131I therapy.

Background: The clinical significance of high serum concentration or activity of markers of liver damage in cats with hyperthyroidism is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate serum markers of liver function and damage, and ultrasonographic changes in cats with hyperthyroidism and with high liver enzymes, and to determine if abnormalities resolve after treatment with 131I.

Animals: Nineteen cats with hyperthyroidism (15 with high serum activities of liver enzymes) and 4 age-matched healthy control cats.

Elevated PBDE levels in pet cats: sentinels for humans?

Co-incident with the introduction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) into household materials nearly 30 years ago, feline hyperthyroidism (FH) has increased dramatically. Risk of developing FH is associated with indoor living and consumption of canned catfood. We hypothesized that increases in FH were, in part, related to increased PBDE exposure, with key routes of exposure being diet and ingestion of house dust.

Feline thyroid storm.

Thyroid storm is a syndrome described in human medicine to define a multisystemic disorder resulting from organ exposure to excessive levels of thyroid hormone. This form of acute thyrotoxicosis, although uncommon, can be life threatening and is a significant cause of mortality in human emergency rooms. Although thyroid storm is a well-recognized clinical entity in human medicine, it has not been described in veterinary medicine.

Etiopathologic findings of hyperthyroidism in cats.

None of the studies to date have isolated a single dominant factor that could be incriminated in the development of hyperthyroidism in cats. Rather, most of the studies provide further evidence of the widely held view that hyperthyroidism is a multifactorial disease in this species. At this time, the most likely candidates include one or more of the goitrogenic chemicals that have been shown to be present in cat food or the cat's environment.

Expression of inhibitory G proteins in adenomatous thyroid glands obtained from hyperthyroid cats.

Objective: To identify within guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins) the subset of inhibitory G proteins (G) that have decreased expression in adenomatous thyroid glands obtained from hyperthyroid cats.

Sample Population: Adenomatous thyroid glands obtained from 5 hyperthyroid cats and normal thyroid glands obtained from 3 age-matched euthyroid cats.

Procedure: Expression of G(i1), G(i2), and G(i3) in enriched membrane preparations from thyroid glands was quantified by use of immunoblotting with G(i) subtype-specific antibodies.

Thyrotropin-stimulated DNA synthesis and thyroglobulin expression in normal and hyperthyroid feline thyrocytes in monolayer culture.

Feline hyperthyroidism is a common, spontaneous disease in older cats that is similar clinically and histopathologically to human toxic multinodular goiter (TNG). In this study, the functional response of feline normal thyroid (NT) and hyperthyroid (HT) cells grown in monolayer culture to thyrotropin (TSH) was determined. Basal levels of DNA synthesis were similar in NT and HT cells.

Familial insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Samoyed dogs.

Five adult Samoyed dogs from two unrelated litters were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Two full-sibling male dogs (Family A) were raised in the same household. The other three dogs, two female and one male, were also full siblings (Family B) raised in different households.