Persistent post-concussion symptoms include neural auditory processing in young children.

Aim: Difficulty understanding speech following concussion is likely caused by auditory processing impairments. We hypothesized that concussion disrupts pitch and phonetic processing of a sound, cues in understanding a talker.

Patients & Methods/results: We obtained frequency following responses to a syllable from 120 concussed and 120 control.

Injury Patterns in Highly Specialized Youth Athletes: A Comparison of 2 Pathways to Specialization.

Context: Sport specialization, commonly defined as intensive year-round training in a single sport to the exclusion of other sports, has been associated with an increased risk for overuse injury. Two pathways to becoming highly specialized are recognized: (1) having only ever played 1 sport (exclusive highly specialized) and (2) quitting other sports to focus on a single sport (evolved highly specialized). Understanding the differences in injury patterns between these groups of highly specialized athletes will inform the development of injury-prevention strategies.

Assessment of post-concussion emotional symptom load using PCSS and PROMIS instruments in pediatric patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and depressive symptom domains in conjunction with the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS)for identifying pediatric patients with emotional symptoms following a concussion, and to identify predictors of higher emotional symptom loads.

Methods: We recruited English-speaking patients aged 8-17 years presenting to a tertiary-care concussion clinic from 2014 to 2018 ( = 458). Demographics and clinical data including PCSS, injury date, previous history of anxiety/depression, and Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screen (VOMS) were collected from patients' electronic medical records.

Rhythmic gymnasts' injuries in a pediatric sports medicine clinic in the United States: a 10-year retrospective chart review.

Objectives: Rhythmic gymnastics injuries have not been studied thoroughly especially in the United States. Existing research studies are predominantly from Europe or Canada or from more than 15 years ago. The purpose of our study was to provide an updated description of injury patterns among rhythmic gymnasts in the United States.

Selected Issues in Sport-Related Concussion (SRC | Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement.

Selected Issues in Sport-Related Concussion (SRC | Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement is title 22 in a series of annual consensus articles written for the practicing team physician. This document provides an overview of select medical issues important to team physicians who are responsible for athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC). This statement was developed by the Team Physician Consensus Conference (TPCC), an annual project-based alliance of six major professional associations.

Contributions of PCSS, BESS, Tandem Gait, and Romberg Test for Identifying Balance Deficits in Pediatric Concussions.

Objective: Balance deficits are common after concussions in pediatric patients. This study evaluates 3 clinical tools for identifying postconcussion balance deficits in a pediatric population: (1) Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS); (2) Balance Error Scoring System (BESS); and (3) physical examination measures of balance: tandem gait (TG) and Romberg test.

Setting: Data were collected in a tertiary care outpatient pediatric sports medicine clinic.

Selected issues in sport-related concussion (SRC|mild traumatic brain injury) for the team physician: a consensus statement.

Selected Issues in Sport-Related Concussion (SRC|Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement is title 22 in a series of annual consensus documents written for the practicing team physician. This document provides an overview of selected medical issues important to team physicians who are responsible for athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC). This statement was developed by the Team Physician Consensus Conference (TPCC), an annual project-based alliance of six major professional associations.

Boys gymnastics injuries: A 9-year retrospective review.

Objectives: Young male gymnasts are a frequently injured, yet infrequently studied population. Literature on gymnastics injuries has focused primarily on female gymnasts at elite and collegiate levels. Gymnastics equipment, rules, and training methods have continued to evolve over the past few decades so the previous data likely does not reflect current injury patterns.

Contributions of PCSS, CISS, and VOMS for Identifying Vestibular/Ocular Motor Deficits in Pediatric Concussions.

Background: Vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction can occur in pediatric concussions, which can impair reading, learning, and participation in athletics. This study evaluated 3 clinical tools for identifying postconcussion vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction: (1) Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), (2) Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), and (3) Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS).

Hypothesis: Evaluating vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction with multiple clinical tools will capture more symptomatic patients than any 1 tool alone.

Defining a Research Agenda for Youth Sport Specialization in the United States: The AMSSM Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit.

Sport specialization is becoming increasingly common among youth and adolescent athletes in the United States and many have raised concern about this trend. Although research on sport specialization has grown significantly, numerous pressing questions remain pertaining to short- and long-term effects of specialization on the health and well-being of youth, including the increased risk of overuse injury and burnout. Many current elite athletes did not specialize at an early age.

Defining a research agenda for youth sport specialisation in the USA: the AMSSM Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit.

Sport specialisation is becoming increasingly common among youth and adolescent athletes in the USA and many have raised concern about this trend. Although research on sport specialisation has grown significantly, numerous pressing questions remain pertaining to short-term and long-term effects of specialisation on the health and well-being of youth, including the increased risk of overuse injury and burnout. Many current elite athletes did not specialise at an early age.

Interim Guidance on the Preparticipation Physical Examination for Athletes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened a writing group to address the current evidence and knowledge gaps regarding preparticipation evaluation of athletes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The writing group held a series of meetings beginning in April 2020. The task force reviewed the available literature and used an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize this guidance statement that is intended to provide clinicians with a clinical framework to return athletes of all levels to training and competition during the pandemic.

Interim Guidance on the Preparticipation Physical Examination for Athletes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened a writing group to address the current evidence and knowledge gaps regarding preparticipation evaluation of athletes during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. The writing group held a series of meetings beginning in April 2020. The task force reviewed the available literature and used an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize this guidance statement that is intended to provide clinicians with a clinical framework to return athletes of all levels to training and competition during the pandemic.

Baseline profiles of auditory, vestibular, and visual functions in youth tackle football players.

Aim: Neurosensory tests have emerged as components of sport-related concussion management. Limited normative data are available in healthy, nonconcussed youth athletes.

Patients & Methods/results: In 2017 and 2018, we tested 108 youth tackle football players immediately before their seasons on the frequency-following response, Balance Error Scoring System, and King-Devick test.

Impact of youth sports specialisation on career and task-specific athletic performance: a systematic review following the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) Collaborative Research Network's 2019 Youth Early Sport Specialisation Summit.

Objective: The impact, positive or negative, of youth sport specialisation (YSS) on short-term and long-term performance is not fully understood; however, the desire to maximise performance goals is generally considered the primary reason children and adolescents specialise at a young age. We performed a systematic review of original research to establish the association of YSS and task-focused or career-focused performance outcomes.

Design: Systematic review.

Performance on auditory, vestibular, and visual tests is stable across two seasons of youth tackle football.

: Few studies have tracked neurologic function in youth football players longitudinally. This study aimed to determine whether changes in tests of auditory, vestibular, and/or visual functions are evident after participation in one or two seasons of youth tackle football.: Prospective cohort study.

Benefits and challenges of serial sports training risk assessment and counselling in kids: the T.R.A.C.K. randomised intervention study.

Background: Published training recommendations exist for youth athletes aimed at reducing injury risk. No studies have assessed the impact of counselling interventions using training recommendations on risk of injury in young athletes.

Objectives: To determine if online training counselling regarding safe sport participation can reduce injury risk in youth athletes and to assess recommendation compliance, including barriers to compliance.

Injuries in girls' soccer and basketball: a comparison of high schools with and without athletic trainers.

Background: Sports injuries impose physical and economic burdens on high school athletes, yet only 37% of high schools have access to a fulltime certified athletic trainer (AT). Although intuitively there are multiple benefits of AT coverage, research demonstrating the measurable effect of AT coverage on rates and patterns of injury is limited. Our objective was to investigate the epidemiology of girls' basketball and soccer injuries in high schools with and without an AT.

Socioeconomic Factors for Sports Specialization and Injury in Youth Athletes.

Background: The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on rates of sports specialization and injury among youth athletes has not been described previously.

Hypothesis: Young athletes from lower socioeconomic status will have lower rates of sports specialization and subsequently lower risk of overuse injuries.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Difficulty hearing in noise: a sequela of concussion in children.

Objective: Concussions can result in auditory processing deficits even in the absence of hearing loss. In children and adolescents, the extent to which these impairments have functional consequences for everyday listening, such as the ability to understand speech in noisy environments, is unknown.

Research Design: Case-control study.

Auditory biological marker of concussion in children.

Concussions carry devastating potential for cognitive, neurologic, and socio-emotional disease, but no objective test reliably identifies a concussion and its severity. A variety of neurological insults compromise sound processing, particularly in complex listening environments that place high demands on brain processing. The frequency-following response captures the high computational demands of sound processing with extreme granularity and reliably reveals individual differences.

The role of intense athletic activity on structural lumbar abnormalities in adolescent patients with symptomatic low back pain.

Purpose: To determine if adolescent athletics increases the risk of structural abnormalities in the lumbar spine.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients (ages 10-18) between 2004 and 2012 was performed. Pediatric patients with symptomatic low back pain, a lumbar spine MRI, and reported weekly athletic activity were included.