Factors Affecting Postpartum Bone Mineral Density in a Clinical Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation.

Few studies evaluate the effects of vitamin D status and supplementation on maternal bone mineral density (BMD) during lactation and further lack inclusion of diverse racial/ethnic groups, body mass index (BMI), or physical activity. Determine the effects of vitamin D treatment/status, feeding type, BMI, race/ethnicity, and physical activity on postpartum women's BMD to 7 months. Women with singleton pregnancies beginning 4-6 weeks' postpartum were randomized into two treatment groups (400 or 6400 IU vitamin D/day).

The Changing Landscape of Global Child Health Education in the United States and the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Civil Unrest.

The events of recent years have affected the landscape of global child health education (GCHE) in the United States. War, racism, forced displacement, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had global repercussions that reached US GCHE. The aim of this article is to examine the effect of these events on the landscape of GCHE in the US.

Craving Sweet Success: A Recipe for Developing a Global Health Education Consortium (or Any Consortium, for That Matter).

More than a decade ago, two faculty met at a conference. Each talked about how they were charged with leading global health education efforts at their institutions and longed to have an opportunity to share resources and learn from each other. After reaching out to a few other Midwestern colleagues and finding a date, the first Midwest Consortium of Global Child Health Educators meeting was held in Madison, WI.

Comparison of Infant Bone Mineral Content and Density After Infant Daily Oral Vit D 400 IU Supplementation Versus Nursing Mother Oral 6,400 IU Supplementation: A Randomized Controlled Lactation Study.

Vitamin D (vitD) plays a major role in maintenance of bone mineral homeostasis. It is unknown if bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) differ between infants who receive direct vitD supplementation and those who receive vitD indirectly via their mother's breast milk, while she received a high dose of vitD. It is hypothesized that there would be no differences in BMC or BMD by treatment group.

Evaluating Vitamin D Status in Infants Less than Seven Months; What Are the Preferred Biochemical Measurements?

To ensure the safety of higher dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnant and lactating mothers, and urinary calcium/creatinine (UCa/Cr) ratios, serum calcium, and serum 25(OH)D concentrations are closely monitored. To achieve optimal maternal and infant vitamin D status, while avoiding hypercalcemia, safety measures assessing vitD supplementation must be reliable. Whether or not this holds true for infants before 7 months of age, remains unknown.

The Minnesota Model: A Residency Global Health Track Framework.

Residency programs are increasingly responding to the growing demand for global health (GH) education by forming dedicated GH tracks. These tracks incorporate a targeted curriculum, support best practices surrounding GH electives such as predeparture preparation and post-return debriefing, and encourage meaningful engagement with international and domestic partners. The University of Minnesota's pediatric residency has had a formal GH track since 2005, and although they have shared several curricular components in the literature, they have yet to provide a comprehensive summary of their GH track.

The Role of Pediatricians in Global Health.

Ninety percent of the world's children live in low- and middle-income countries, where barriers to health contribute to significant child morbidity and mortality. The American Academy of Pediatrics is dedicated to the health and well-being of children. To fulfill this promise, this policy statement defines the role of the pediatrician in global health and provides a specific set of recommendations directed to all pediatricians, emphasizing the importance of global health as an integral function of the profession of pediatrics.

Low-Level Prenatal Toxin Exposures and Breastfeeding Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction Maternal exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with shortened breastfeeding duration, but few studies have examined the effects on breastfeeding outcomes of low level exposures to other toxic chemicals. Moreover, it is unclear if passive smoking is associated with duration of breastfeeding. Our objective was therefore to examine the effect of low-level prenatal exposures to common environmental toxins (tobacco smoke, lead, and phthalates) on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration.

Pediatric Resident Academic Projects While on Global Health Electives: Ten Years of Experience at the University of Minnesota.

Purpose: Many residency programs require residents to complete an academic project as part of a global health (GH) elective. However, there has been little description of the range of projects residents have pursued during GH electives or the extent to which these projects are consistent with proposed best practices.

Method: The authors conducted a document review of 67 written summaries or copies of presentations of academic projects (hereafter, summaries) completed by pediatric and medicine-pediatric residents at the University of Minnesota while on GH electives from 2005 to 2015.

Maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and duration of breastfeeding.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may affect breast development and decrease duration of breastfeeding, thus interfering with the health benefits of breastfeeding. We investigated the association between maternal PFAS exposure and breastfeeding duration.

Methods: We measured PFAS concentrations in maternal serum collected during pregnancy in 2003-2006.

Pediatric Global Health Education: Past, Present, and Future.

Recent outbreaks of diseases erroneously thought by many to be contained by borders or eliminated by vaccines have highlighted the need for proper training of all residents in global health. Beyond infectious diseases, all pediatricians should know how to care for other conditions in global child health, ranging from malnutrition to the nuances of care for immigrant and refugee children. The call for broader education for pediatric residents in global health has been increasing over the last decade, with all major pediatric organizations underscoring its importance in statement and action.

Discontinuity of Breastfeeding Care: "There's No Captain of the Ship".

Background: Breastfeeding rates in the United States are suboptimal. Health professionals (HPs) have a unique opportunity to support breastfeeding because of the frequency and timing of their visits with mothers and infants as well as their call by professional organizations to do so. The objective of this study was to understand HPs' perceived roles and experiences with providing breastfeeding-related care.

Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Compare effectiveness of maternal vitamin D3 supplementation with 6400 IU per day alone to maternal and infant supplementation with 400 IU per day.

Methods: Exclusively lactating women living in Charleston, SC, or Rochester, NY, at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum were randomized to either 400, 2400, or 6400 IU vitamin D3/day for 6 months. Breastfeeding infants in 400 IU group received oral 400 IU vitamin D3/day; infants in 2400 and 6400 IU groups received 0 IU/day (placebo).

Asymptomatic Malaria and Other Infections in Children Adopted from Ethiopia, United States, 2006-2011.

We screened 52 children adopted from Ethiopia for malaria because they had previously lived in a disease-endemic region or had past or current hepatomegaly or splenomegaly. Seven (13.5%) children had asymptomatic malaria parasitemia by microscopy (n = 2) or PCR (n = 5).

Optimal periods of exclusive breastfeeding associated with any breastfeeding duration through one year.

Objective: To quantify optimal minimum durations of exclusive breastfeeding associated with maintenance of any breastfeeding at 15 time points during the first year of life.

Study Design: Mothers (n = 1189) from the prospective Infant Feeding Practices Study II cohort who initiated exclusive breastfeeding with healthy term infants were included. In a 80:20 split-sample validation study, receiver operating characteristic curves estimated optimal minimum durations of exclusive breastfeeding needed to predict maintenance of any breastfeeding at 15 time points during the first year (n = 951).

The discordance between planned use and actual receipt of immediate postpartum depot medroxyprogesterone among low-income women.

Background: This study describes the patterns of planned use and actual receipt of immediate postpartum depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) prior to hospital discharge among low-income breastfeeding initiators.

Materials And Methods: Bivariate analyses among DMPA recipients by prenatal planned/unplanned use and the sensitivity of DMPA self-report relative to pharmacologic record were calculated.

Results: Among immediate postpartum DMPA recipients (n=58), 72.

Patterns of postpartum depot medroxyprogesterone administration among low-income mothers.

Background: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is often administered immediately postpartum to reduce the risk of short-interval repeat or unintended pregnancies, but little is known about the actual patterns of postpartum DMPA use. This article examines the patterns of DMPA administered among low-income new mothers in an upstate New York State community.

Methods: Mothers attending urban pediatric practices (births 2009-2011) completed a mailed survey approximately 5 months after delivery.

Hepatitis a screening for internationally adopted children from hepatitis A endemic countries.

Screening for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is not currently routinely recommended in internationally adopted children. International adoptees seen at the University of Minnesota International Adoption Clinic from 2006 to 2010 were assessed for acute HAV infection (positive HAV immunoglobulin M). Thirty of the 656 children screened (4.