Soluble Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (sPD-L1) is Elevated in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Disease Among African Men.

Introduction: Programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeted immunotherapies have become a new mode of treatment for several tumours; however, there is limited evidence on the expression and prognostic value of PD-1/PD-L1 in prostate cancer, especially in African men.

Methods: Plasma concentrations of PD-L1/PD-1 were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with prostate cancer and normal healthy controls at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The associations between plasma PD-L1/PD-1 concentration levels and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason scores, age, and body mass index (BMI) were determined.

Sero-diagnosis of Active Disease among HIV Co-infected Persons using Thymidylate Kinase based Antigen and Antibody Capture Enzyme Immuno-Assays.

Background: Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis (ATB) and latent () infections (LTBI) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) presents formidable challenges. In the past, WHO issued an advisory against the use of existing TB sero-diagnostics. Emerging evidence, however, points to a precision of TB sero-diagnostics based on secretory rather than structural antigens.