Effects of addition of 2-fucosyllactose to infant formula on growth and specific pathways of utilization by in healthy term infants.

Oligosaccharides in human milk support health intestinal microbiome. We studied effects of addition of 2-fucosyllactose (2'FL) to the infant formula on infant growth, occurrence of adverse events (AE), and infant microbiome, including expression of microbial genes that metabolize 2'FL. Our hypothesis was that while 2'FL would not affect growth, it would cause changes in microbiome metabolism.

Determination of Casein Allergens in Extensively Hydrolyzed Casein Infant Formula by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Background: The use of hypoallergenic infant formulas and the need for reliable tests to determine the presence of residual antigens have increased in parallel.

Objective: An LC-MS method for quantitation of casein was validated using incurred samples and a matrix-matched external standard curve.

Method: Powdered infant formula samples were extracted in a buffer of sodium deoxycholate and ammonium bicarbonate at 60°C and filtered through 7 kDa desalting columns.

Modifications of human histone H3 variants during mitosis.

Phosphorylation of histone H3 is a hallmark event in mitosis and is associated with chromosome condensation. Here, we use a combination of immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to characterize post-translational modifications associated with phosphorylation on the N-terminal tails of histone H3 variants purified from mitotically arrested HeLa cells. Modifications observed in vivo on lysine residues adjacent to phosphorylated Ser and Thr provide support for the existence of the "methyl/phos", binary-switch hypothesis [Fischle, W.

Characterization of phosphorylation sites on histone H1 isoforms by tandem mass spectrometry.

Histone H1 isoforms isolated from asynchronously grown HeLa cells were subjected to enzymatic digestion and analyzed by nano-flow reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on both quadrupole ion trap and linear quadrupole ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. We have observed all five major isoforms of histone H1 (H1.1, H1.

The enhancement of histone H4 and H2A serine 1 phosphorylation during mitosis and S-phase is evolutionarily conserved.

Histone phosphorylation has long been associated with condensed mitotic chromatin; however, the functional roles of these modifications are not yet understood. Histones H1 and H3 are highly phosphorylated from late G2 through telophase in many organisms, and have been implicated in chromatin condensation and sister chromatid segregation. However, mutational analyses in yeast and biochemical experiments with Xenopus extracts have demonstrated that phosphorylation of H1 and H3 is not essential for such processes.

Histone methyltransferases direct different degrees of methylation to define distinct chromatin domains.

The functional significance of mono-, di-, and trimethylation of lysine residues within histone proteins remains unclear. Antibodies developed to selectively recognize each of these methylated states at histone H3 lysine 9 (H3 Lys9) demonstrated that mono- and dimethylation localized specifically to silent domains within euchromatin. In contrast, trimethylated H3 Lys9 was enriched at pericentric heterochromatin.