Preschool vision screening: update on guidelines and techniques.

Purpose Of Review: To discuss the current preschool vision screening (PVS) guidelines and review some of the newest vision screening techniques. The different vision screening practices and barriers to screening are discussed.

Recent Findings: Vision screening guidelines, which have been developed in response to the advances in technology and increased understanding of the developing visual system, have been recently updated by some of the major medical organizations that endorse vision screening.

Pediatric ophthalmology in the developing world.

Purpose Of Review: It is estimated that of the 45 million people who are blind worldwide in 2000, 1.4 million are children from middle-income and low-income countries, the majority of whom live in the poorest regions of Africa and Asia. The focus of this paper is to discuss the status of pediatric ophthalmology in developing countries and the progress that has been made in the areas of avoidable childhood blindness and visual impairment, particularly corneal scarring as a result of vitamin A deficiency, congenital cataract and retinopathy of prematurity.