Measurement of mitochondrial DNA copy number in dried blood spots: A pilot study.

Background: We evaluated the feasibility of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number measurement in dried blood spots (DBS), its comparability with measurement in whole blood samples, and stability of mtDNA copy number from DBS over time.

Methods: Women in this pilot study were participants in the Sister Study, a large prospective cohort. Sister Study participants provided a whole blood sample and DBS at enrollment.

The Effects of Long-term Storage on Commonly Measured Serum Analyte Levels.

Background: Cohort studies typically bank biospecimens for many years before assay and investigators do not know whether levels of analytes have degraded.

Methods: We collected control samples from 22 nonstudy participants using the same enrollment criteria and specimen collection, processing, and storage protocols as The Sister Study. Serum samples were assayed for 21 analytes at collection and 6 years later.

The Sister Study Cohort: Baseline Methods and Participant Characteristics.

Background: The Sister Study was designed to address gaps in the study of environment and breast cancer by taking advantage of more frequent breast cancer diagnoses among women with a sister history of breast cancer and the presumed enrichment of shared environmental and genetic exposures.

Objective: The Sister Study sought a large cohort of women never diagnosed with breast cancer but who had a sister (full or half) diagnosed with breast cancer.

Methods: A multifaceted national effort employed novel strategies to recruit a diverse cohort, and collected biological and environmental samples and extensive data on potential breast cancer risk factors.

Standard preanalytical coding for biospecimens: defining the sample PREanalytical code.

Background: Management and traceability of biospecimen preanalytical variations are necessary to provide effective and efficient interconnectivity and interoperability between Biobanks.

Methods: Therefore, the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories Biospecimen Science Working Group developed a "Standard PREanalytical Code" (SPREC) that identifies the main preanalytical factors of clinical fluid and solid biospecimens and their simple derivatives.

Results: The SPREC is easy to implement and can be integrated into Biobank quality management systems and databases.

Changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy medications in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Objectives: To characterize the determinants of changes in adherence to antiretroviral therapy and examine whether there are persistent lower adherers.

Design: A cohort study with repeated measurements.

Methods: Self-reported 100% adherence was defined as taking all doses and numbers of pills over a 4-day period as prescribed for current HIV medications.

CC chemokine receptor 5 genotype and susceptibility to transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women.

The human gene for CC chemokine receptor 5, a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), affects susceptibility to infection. Most studies of predominantly male cohorts found that individuals carrying a homozygous deleted form of the gene, Delta 32, were protected against transmission, but protection did not extend to Delta 32 heterozygotes. The role played by this mutation in HIV-1 transmission to women was studied in 2605 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study.

High levels of antibodies to the CD4 binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120 are associated with faster disease progression.

Human monoclonal antibodies (Abs) to the CD4 binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 (gp120(CD4bd)) inhibit gp120 presentation to gp120-specific T helper (Th) cells. Since Th responses are critical to control HIV, anti-gp120(CD4bd) Abs could be involved in HIV pathogenesis. Therefore, anti-gp120(CD4bd) Ab levels were compared in serum samples from matched pairs of HIV-positive rapid progressors (RPs) and slow progressors (SPs).