Reliability of active robotic neuro-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation motor maps.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor mapping is a safe, non-invasive method used to study corticomotor organization and intervention-induced plasticity. Reliability of resting maps is well established, but understudied for active maps and unestablished for active maps obtained using robotic TMS techniques. The objective of  this study was to determine the reliability of robotic neuro-navigated TMS motor map measures during active muscle contraction.

Right Superior Frontal Gyrus Cortical Thickness in Pediatric ADHD.

Objective: We investigated the right Superior Frontal Gyrus (right-SFG) and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in children with ADHD and their clinical relevance with Executive Function (EF) and ADHD symptom severity.

Methods: About 26 children with ADHD and 24 typically developing children (TDC; 7‒16 years) underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and completed an EF assessment battery.

Results: Significantly thinner right-SFG in the ADHD group was found compared to the TDC group ( (48) = 2.

Active versus resting neuro-navigated robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor mapping is a safe, non-invasive method that can be used to study corticomotor organization. Motor maps are typically acquired at rest, and comparisons to maps obtained during muscle activation have been both limited and contradictory. Understanding the relationship between functional activation of the corticomotor system as recorded by motor mapping is crucial for their use clinically and in research.

Targeted Interventions in Tourette's using Advanced Neuroimaging and Stimulation (TITANS): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the supplementary motor area in children with Tourette's syndrome.

Introduction: Tourette's syndrome (TS) affects approximately 1% of children. This study will determine the efficacy and safety of paired comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBIT) plus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment in children with Tourette's syndrome. We hypothesise that CBIT and active rTMS to the supplementary motor area (SMA) will (1) decrease tic severity, and (2) be associated with changes indicative of enhanced neuroplasticity (eg, changes in in vivo metabolite concentrations and TMS neurophysiology measures).

Bilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation of the supplementary motor area in children with Tourette syndrome.

Aim: To explore the feasibility and possible effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered to the supplementary motor area (SMA) on tic severity and motor system neurophysiology in children with Tourette syndrome.

Method: Ten children with Tourette syndrome (eight males, two females; 9-15y) participated in this open-label, phase 1 clinical trial. Treatment consisted of 1800 low-frequency (1Hz) neuronavigated robotic rTMS (100% resting motor threshold) to the SMA, bilaterally for 15 sessions.

Reliability of robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping.

Robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive and safe tool that produces cortical motor maps using neuronavigational and neuroanatomical images. Motor maps are individualized representations of the primary motor cortex (M1) topography that may reflect developmental and interventional plasticity. Results of TMS motor map reliability testing have been variable, and robotic measures are undefined.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Concentrations in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

This cohort study assesses concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with typically developing children.