Supporting patients' birth plans: theories, strategies & implications for nurses.

Pregnant women often create birth plans to specify their preferences for their labor and delivery. When nurses implement and advocate for women's birth plans, it increases women's autonomy and decision-making in the birth process and can lead to greater patient satisfaction. This article describes strategies for how nurses can help implement patients' birth plans, and discusses two psychological theories as a base for understanding nurses' roles in advocating for birth plans to improve patients' experiences.

LC-mS analysis of human urine specimens for 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD: method validation for potential interferants and stability study of 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD under various storage conditions.

2-Oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD), a major LSD metabolite, has previously been demonstrated to be a superior marker for identifying LSD use compared with the parent drug, LSD. Specifically, O-H-LSD analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been reported to be present in urine at concentrations 16 to 43 times greater than LSD. To further support forensic application of this procedure, the specificity of the assay was assessed using compounds that have structural and chemical properties similar to O-H-LSD, common over-the-counter products, prescription drugs and some of their metabolites, and other drugs of abuse.