The use of folic acid for the prevention of birth defects in Puerto Rico.

Introduction: The occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) varies by race/ethnicity, and the highest rates are among women of Hispanic ethnicity. Women of reproductive age are advised to use folic acid to prevent NTDs and other birth defects. Since 1994, Puerto Rico has had a campaign to promote the use of folic acid, and since 1998, enriched grain products have been fortified with folic acid.

Plasma ascorbate in a population of children: influence of age, gender, vitamin C intake, BMI and smoke exposure.

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of several personal and lifestyle factors on the levels of circulating vitamin C in a population of children. To accomplish this objective, blood samples were collected from 511 healthy children residing in the Greater San Juan area. The population was stratified into 4 percentile groups (approaching quartiles) according to plasma ascorbate levels from lowest to highest concentrations.

Iron-deficiency anemia as presentation of pouchitis.

Goals: This study sought to describe the percentage and cause of anemia in patients who underwent ileal pouch with anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC), and to compare the distribution of complications in patients with and without anemia, especially pouchitis, after IPAA.

Background: IPAA is the surgical procedure of choice for UC. Complications include pouchitis (40%), strictures (30%), small bowel obstruction (10%), pelvic sepsis (<5%), and urinary and sexual dysfunctions (<5%).

Improving access to liver transplantation: the University of Puerto Rico experience.

Liver transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage liver disease. It is costly, difficult, and not performed in Puerto Rico. For these reasons, it has been a limited option for Puerto Ricans with advanced cirrhosis, especially for those with no medical insurance to cover for the procedure.

Influence of environmental tobacco smoke on vitamin C status in children.

Background: It is known that vitamin C status is compromised in smokers. The vitamin C status of nonsmokers who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is now being elucidated.

Objective: We assessed vitamin C status in children who were either exposed or not exposed to ETS, and we sought to associate changes in vitamin C status with the amount of ETS exposure.

Plasma homocysteine concentrations in a population of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): reference ranges and accompanying plasma concentrations of folate and vitamin B12.

The circulating level of homocysteine (Hcy) is recognized as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans. Nonhuman primates are being investigated to see whether they will be accurate models for Hcy indicators of cardiovascular dysfunction. Normal reference values are available in humans for Hcy as classified by age, gender, ethnic origin, and biological factors, however similar information in nonhuman primates had not been published previously.