Can we screen opportunistically for low bone mineral density using CT scans of the shoulder and artificial intelligence?

Objective: To evaluate whether the CT attenuation of bones seen on shoulder CT scans could be used to predict low bone mineral density (BMD) (osteopenia/osteoporosis), and to compare the performance of two machine learning models to predict low BMD.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated 194 patients aged 50 years or greater (69.2 ± 9.

Radiation Segmentectomy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Practical Review of Evidence.

Radiation segmentectomy is a versatile, safe, and effective ablative therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Advances in radiation segmentectomy patient selection, procedural technique, and dosimetry have positioned this modality as a curative-intent and guideline-supported treatment for patients with solitary HCC. This review describes key radiation segmentectomy concepts and summarizes the existing literary knowledgebase.

Outcomes of Radiation Segmentectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease versus Chronic Viral Hepatitis.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of radiation segmentectomy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) versus hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with NAFLD- or HCV-related HCC treated with radiation segmentectomy from 01/2017-06/2022 was performed. Eligibility criteria included solitary tumor ≤8 cm or up to 3 HCC ≤3 cm, ECOG 0-1, and absence of vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread.

Effect of receiving a customizable brochure on breast cancer patients' knowledge about their diagnosis and treatment: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Patients' lack of knowledge about their own disease may function as a barrier to shared decision-making and well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of written educational materials on breast cancer patients.

Methods: This multicenter, parallel, unblinded, randomized trial included Latin American women aged ≥18 years with a recent breast cancer diagnosis yet to start systemic therapy.

Detecting whether L1 or other lumbar levels would be excluded from DXA bone mineral density analysis during opportunistic CT screening for osteoporosis using machine learning.

Purpose: One or more vertebrae are sometimes excluded from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis if the bone mineral density (BMD) T-score estimates are not consistent with the other lumbar vertebrae BMD T-score estimates. The goal of this study was to build a machine learning framework to identify which vertebrae would be excluded from DXA analysis based on the computed tomography (CT) attenuation of the vertebrae.

Methods: Retrospective review of 995 patients (69.

Correction: Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm. 2022, , 691.

In the original publication [...

Support vector machines are superior to principal components analysis for selecting the optimal bones' CT attenuations for opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using CT scans of the foot or ankle.

Objectives: To use the computed tomography (CT) attenuation of the foot and ankle bones for opportunistic screening for osteoporosis.

Methods: Retrospective study of 163 consecutive patients from a tertiary care academic center who underwent CT scans of the foot or ankle and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within 1 year of each other. Volumetric segmentation of each bone of the foot and ankle was done in 3D Slicer to obtain the mean CT attenuation.

Association of intracranial abnormalities with the development of epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome.

Background: Epilepsy represents an essential component of Parry Romberg syndrome (PRS). This study aimed to identify clinical factors that influence the development of epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in PRS.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of eighty patients with PRS.

Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis and osteopenia from CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis using machine learning.

Objectives: To use multivariable machine learning using the computed tomography (CT) attenuation of each of the bones in the lumbar spine, pelvis, and sacrum, to predict osteoporosis/osteopenia.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 394 patients aged 50 years or older with CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans obtained within 6 months of each other. Volumetric segmentations were performed for each of the bones from L1-L4 vertebrae, pelvis, and sacrum to obtain the mean CT attenuation of each bone.

Utilizing machine learning for opportunistic screening for low BMD using CT scans of the cervical spine.

Background: Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the cervical spine are often performed to evaluate patients for trauma and degenerative changes of the cervical spine. We hypothesized that the CT attenuation of the cervical vertebrae can be used to identify patients who should be screened for osteoporosis.

Methods: A retrospective study of 253 patients (177 training/validation and 76 test) with unenhanced CT scans of the cervical spine and Dual-energy x-ray Absorbtiometry (DXA) studies within 12 months of each other was performed.

Machine learning for the prediction of osteopenia/osteoporosis using the CT attenuation of multiple osseous sites from chest CT.

Purpose: To use machine learning and the CT attenuation of all bones visible on chest CT scans to predict osteopenia/osteoporosis.

Method: We retrospectively evaluated 364 patients with CT scans of the chest, and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans within 6 months of each other. Studies were performed between 01/01/2015 and 08/01/2021.

Statistically based nomograms for the minimal needle length required to achieve intra-articular fluoroscopic-guided injections of the shoulder, hip, and knee.

Background: Image-guided intra-articular injections are commonly performed to reduce pain in patients with arthritis or other joint-related pathology. Utilizing a needle length that is too short could lead to increased patient discomfort, increased procedural time, and extra-articular injections.

Objective: To predict the minimum needle length required for fluoroscopic-guided intra-articular injections of the hips, knees, and shoulders based on patient age, gender, height and weight, or body mass index (BMI) and to evaluate whether this varies by gender.

Uterine Artery Embolization for Symptomatic Adenomyosis: Proceedings from a Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation Research Consensus Panel.

Adenomyosis poses an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in women's health because of a variety of clinical/imaging presentations and frequent coexistence with other benign gynecologic conditions. In recent years, uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of adenomyosis has shown encouraging and favorable outcomes and long-term symptom improvement. To expand the current understanding of adenomyosis pathophysiology, imaging diagnostic criteria, and treatment outcomes, the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation gathered a multidisciplinary Research Consensus Panel with experts from diverse backgrounds.

Hepatocellular carcinoma radiation segmentectomy treatment intensification prior to liver transplantation increases rates of complete pathologic necrosis: an explant analysis of 75 tumors.

Purpose: To verify the correlation between yttrium-90 glass microsphere radiation segmentectomy treatment intensification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and complete pathologic necrosis (CPN) at liver transplantation.

Methods: A retrospective, single center, analysis of patients with HCC who received radiation segmentectomy prior to liver transplantation from 2016 to 2021 was performed. The tumor treatment intensification cohort (n = 38) was prescribed radiation segmentectomy as per response recommendations identified in a previously published baseline cohort study (n = 37).

Radiation Segmentectomy for the Treatment of Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Outcomes Compared with Those of Surgical Resection.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of radiation segmentectomy (RS) versus standard-of-care surgical resection (SR).

Materials And Methods: A multisite, retrospective analysis of treatment-naïve patients who underwent either RS or SR was performed. The inclusion criteria were solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤8 cm in size, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Cohort performance status of 0-1, and absence of macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic disease.

Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm.

: We investigated whether opportunistic screening for osteoporosis can be done from computed tomography (CT) scans of the wrist/forearm using machine learning. A retrospective study of 196 patients aged 50 years or greater who underwent CT scans of the wrist/forearm and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans within 12 months of each other was performed. Volumetric segmentation of the forearm, carpal, and metacarpal bones was performed to obtain the mean CT attenuation of each bone.

Radioembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Road to Personalized Dosimetry and Ablative Practice.

Radioembolization dosimetry for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has evolved alongside our understanding of best practice for this therapy. At the core of advances in dosimetry are personalized and ablative applications of radioembolization, which have generated paradigm shifts in both safety and efficacy. This review provides a summary of fundamental radioembolization dosimetry concepts and narrates how our approach to treating patients has shifted from conventional to tailored and definitive therapy.

Biochemical Safety of Ablative Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma as a Function of Percent Liver Treated.

Purpose: Transarterial radioembolization can serve as an ablative therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the volumetric variability of liver segments, this study aimed to characterize the safety of ablative radioembolization by determining percent liver treated (%LT) thresholds associated with biochemical toxicity.

Patients And Methods: Patients with HCC receiving a single ablative radioembolization treatment using glass microspheres from 2017 through 2020 were reviewed.

Prognosis of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and early postpartum according to immunohistochemical subtype: A matched case-control study.

Purpose: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) poses a clinical challenge and its prognosis remains controversial. During the pregnancy and postpartum periods, the breast undergoes biological events that may uniquely influence disease behavior and treatment response. This study aimed to assess if a PABC diagnosis influences survival compared to non-PABC.

Adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with breast cancer: Patient adherence and physician prescribing practices in Mexico.

Background: In resource-constrained settings, data regarding breast cancer patients' adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) and physicians' prescribing practices is limited. This study aims to decrease this knowledge gap in a real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Premenopausal women with stage 0-III hormone-sensitive breast cancer and receiving adjuvant ET during the past 1-5 years were identified in three Mexican referral centers.