A Case Report on the Effectiveness of Virtual Monitoring of Postdischarge COVID-19 Positive Patients in a Rural Hospital Setting: A Retrospective Review.

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Pharmacokinetics of aminocaproic acid in thoroughbred horses.

The antifibrinolytic agent aminocaproic acid (ACA) is occasionally used prior to episodes of intense training in racehorses suffering from exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Although a previous study indicated that the drug is cleared rapidly in horses, some racetrack practitioners claim that recent adverse analytical findings for ACA in postrace samples were from ACA administrations 5-7 days before the race. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the pharmacokinetics of ACA in horses to address this apparent conundrum.

Evaluation of a human urine barbiturate test to screen for pentobarbital euthanasia of dogs and cats.

Pentobarbital is used commonly to euthanize animals. Occasionally during a death investigation, it is necessary to determine whether a cat or dog was euthanized via pentobarbital overdose. Screening for the detection of barbiturates including pentobarbital can be performed using commercial immunochromatographic tests.

Correction: Frequency and distribution of 152 genetic disease variants in over 100,000 mixed breed and purebred dogs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

Frequency and distribution of 152 genetic disease variants in over 100,000 mixed breed and purebred dogs.

Knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of disorders in the dog population has implications for both veterinary medicine and sustainable breeding. Limited data on frequencies of genetic disease variants across breeds exists, and the disease heritage of mixed breed dogs remains poorly explored to date. Advances in genetic screening technologies now enable comprehensive investigations of the canine disease heritage, and generate health-related big data that can be turned into action.

Improving preterm ophthalmologic care in the era of accountable care organizations.

OBJECTIVES To understand retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) follow-up care for preterm very low-birth-weight infants (VLBW; <1500 g) in the context of the chronic care model and identify opportunities for improvement under accountable care organizations. METHODS We conducted focus groups and interviews with parents (N = 47) of VLBW infants and interviews with neonatal intensive care unit and ophthalmologic providers (N = 28) at 6 sites in Massachusetts and South Carolina. Themes are reported according to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines.

Blood gases and retinopathy of prematurity: the ELGAN Study.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that preterm infants who had a blood gas derangement on at least 2 of the first 3 postnatal days are at increased risk for more severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Method: 1,042 infants born before 28 weeks' gestational age (GA) were included. An infant was considered to be exposed if his/her blood gas measure was in the highest or lowest quartile for GA on at least 2 of the first 3 postnatal days.

Preliminary study of protamine zinc recombinant insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats.

The efficacy of a new protamine zinc formulation based on recombinant insulin (PZIR) was compared with a veterinary-approved beef/pork-source insulin (PZI VET, Idexx Pharmaceuticals) that has been shown to significantly decrease blood glucose in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). After being examined and weighed and having blood collected for determination of serum fructosamine concentrations, 50 cats with DM and stable glycemic control on PZI VET were switched to PZIR for 30 days at the same dose rate and interval. There was only one reported episode of hypoglycemia, and the cat was withdrawn from the study.

Effect of administration of propofol and xylazine hydrochloride on recovery of horses after four hours of anesthesia with desflurane.

Objective: To compare characteristics of horses recovering from 4 hours of desflurane anesthesia with and without immediate postanesthetic IV administration of propofol and xylazine. Animals-8 healthy horses (mean +/- SEM age, 6.6 +/- 1.

Effect of detomidine on visceral and somatic nociception and duodenal motility in conscious adult horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of detomidine on visceral and somatic nociception, heart and respiratory rates, sedation, and duodenal motility and to correlate these effects with serum detomidine concentrations.

Study Design: Nonrandomized, experimental trial.

Animals: Five adult horses, each with a permanent gastric cannula weighing 534 +/- 46 kg.

Cost-effectiveness of early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity trial demonstrated that peripheral retinal ablation of eyes with high-risk prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (early treatment) is associated with improved visual outcomes at 9 months' corrected gestational age compared with treatment at threshold disease (conventional management). However, early treatment increased the frequency of laser therapy, anesthesia with intubation, treatment-related systemic complications, and the need for repeat treatments.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of an early treatment strategy for retinopathy of prematurity compared with conventional management.

Nurse opinions and pulse oximeter saturation target limits for preterm infants.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare pulse oximeter saturation limits targeted by nurses for extremely preterm infants during routine care with nurse opinions regarding appropriate pulse oximeter saturation limits and with policy-specified pulse oximeter saturation limits and to identify factors that influence pulse oximeter saturation limits targeted by nurses.

Methods: We surveyed nurses in US NICUs with neonatal-perinatal fellowships in 2004. Data collected included pulse oximeter saturation limits targeted by nurses and by NICU policy when present, nurses' opinions about appropriate pulse oximeter saturation limits, and NICU and nurse characteristics.

Effect of fentanyl on visceral and somatic nociception in conscious horses.

Background: Transdermal fentanyl is used clinically in horses based on pharmacokinetic data and antinociceptive effects documented in other species.

Hypothesis: Fentanyl IV administration increases both visceral and somatic nociceptive threshold in conscious horses.

Animals: Six clinically normal horses, each fitted with a permanent gastric cannula.

Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes after early low-dose hydrocortisone treatment in extremely low birth weight infants.

Background: Low cortisol concentrations in premature infants have been correlated with increased severity of illness, hypotension, mortality, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A total of 360 mechanically ventilated infants with a birth weight of 500 to 999 g were enrolled in a randomized, multicenter trial of prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were decreased in the hydrocortisone-treated patients exposed to chorioamnionitis.

The quantitation of procaine in equine plasma by liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry.

A method for the extraction and quantitation of procaine in equine plasma was developed for use with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Procaine was isolated from equine plasma by liquid-liquid extraction at pH 11 with dichloromethane using procaine-d10 as an internal standard. Quantitation was achieved by LC-MS using a 3-microm C-18 column coupled to an electrospray ionization source on a linear ion-trap mass spectrometer.

Plasma concentration and local anesthetic activity of procaine hydrochloride following subcutaneous administration to horses.

Objective: To determine the durations of the local anesthetic effect and plasma procaine concentrations associated with 5- and 10-mg doses of procaine hydrochloride (with or without 100 microg of epinephrine) administered SC over the lateral palmar digital nerves of horses.

Animals: 6 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: The hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL) period was determined by use of a focused heat lamp before and after administration of procaine with and without epinephrine.

Achieved versus intended pulse oximeter saturation in infants born less than 28 weeks' gestation: the AVIOx study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to document pulse oximeter saturation levels achieved in the first 4 weeks of life in infants who were born at < 28 weeks' gestation, compared with the levels that were targeted by local policy, and examine factors that are associated with compliance with the target range.

Methods: Infants who were < 28 weeks' gestation and < or = 96 hours of age were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study. Oximetry data were collected with masked signal-extraction oximeters for a 72-hour period in each of the first 4 weeks of life.

Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite after oral and intravenous administration of pentoxifylline to healthy adult horses.

Objective: To determine serum pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite in horses after administration of a single IV dose and after single and multiple oral doses.

Animals: 8 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: A crossover study design was used with a washout period of 6 days between treatments.

Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Retinopathy of Prematurity: an update on ROP from the lab to the nursery (November 2003, Anaheim, California).

The Third International Symposium on Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) was convened with the aim of cross fertilizing the horizons of basic and clinical scientists with an interest in the pathogenesis and management of infants with ROP. Ten speakers in the clinical sciences and ten speakers in the basic sciences were recruited on the basis of their research to provide state of the art talks. The meeting was held November 9, 2003 immediately prior to the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting; scholarships were provided for outreach to developing countries and young investigators.

Effect of dose on response to adrenocorticotropin in extremely low birth weight infants.

Context: Various cosyntropin doses are used to test adrenal function in premature infants, without consensus on appropriate dose or adequate response.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the cortisol response of extremely low birth weight infants to different cosyntropin doses and evaluate whether these doses differentiate between groups of infants with clinical conditions previously associated with differential response to cosyntropin.

Design: The design was a prospective, nested study conducted within a randomized clinical trial of low-dose hydrocortisone from November 1, 2001, to April 30, 2003.

A pulmonary score for assessing the severity of neonatal chronic lung disease.

Background: Limited data are available to describe the spectrum of severity of neonatal chronic lung disease. In the multicenter Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity trial, all infants had some degree of pulmonary dysfunction, because eligibility required a median oxygen saturation of < or =94% with room air. Infants randomized to the supplemental oxygen group (oxygen saturation target of 96-99%) had more pulmonary morbidity than did those in the conventional group (oxygen saturation target of 88-94%).

Prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a multicenter trial.

Background: Infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) show decreased cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone. A pilot study of low-dose hydrocortisone therapy for prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency showed improved survival without BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, particularly in infants exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis.

Methods: Mechanically ventilated infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g were enrolled into this multicenter, randomized, masked trial between 12 and 48 hours of life.