Human migration from the Levant and Arabia into Yemen since Last Glacial Maximum.

While a broad consensus about the first successful migration modern humans out of Africa seems established, the peopling of Arabia remains somewhat enigmatic. Identifying the ancestral populations that contributed to the gene pool of the current populations inhabiting Arabia and the impact of their contributions remains a challenging task. We investigate the genetic makeup of the current Yemeni population using 46 whole genomes and 169 genotype arrays derived from Yemeni individuals from all geographic regions across Yemen and 351 genotype arrays derived from neighboring populations providing regional context.

Exploring challenges in learning and study skills among first-year medical students: a case study.

Background: Despite being high-achieving students, many medical students face academic challenges, particularly during their first year of study. Research indicates that self-regulated learning, involving metacognitive processes and adaptive strategies, can positively influence academic achievement. This study aimed to assess the early learning and study skills of first-year medical students in an international medical school with the goal of developing a learner-centered educational intervention to promote self-regulated learning.

Assessment of genetic and clinical factors in T2D susceptibility among patients with hypertension.

Aims: Hypertension (HTN) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) often coexist, therefore understanding the relationship between both diseases is imperative to guide targeted prevention/therapy. This study aims to explore the relationship between HTN and T2D using genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis and biochemical data to understand the implication of both clinical and genetic factors in these pathologies.

Methods: A total of 2,876 patients were enrolled.

HDL levels modulate the impact of type 2 diabetes susceptibility alleles in older adults.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is influenced by genetic, environmental, and ageing factors. Ageing pathways exacerbate metabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine both clinical and genetic factors of T2D in older adults.

Medical Student Experiences and Perceptions of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned, taught, and practiced, and medical education must prepare learners for these inevitable changes. Academic medicine has, however, been slow to embrace recent AI advances. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has emerged as a fast and user-friendly large language model that can assist health care professionals, medical educators, students, trainees, and patients.

Diversity in Mission Statements and Among Students at US Medical Schools Accredited Since 2000.

Importance: Diversity in the physician workforce improves patient care and decreases health disparities. Recent calls for social justice have highlighted the importance of medical school commitment to diversity and social justice, and newly established medical schools are uniquely positioned to actively fulfill the social mission of medicine.

Objective: To identify diversity language in the mission statements of all medical schools accredited since 2000 and to determine whether the presence of diversity language was associated with increased diversity in the student body.

Coronary artery disease patients with rs7904519 (TCF7L2) are at a persistent risk of type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) often coexist and share genetic factors.This study aimed to investigate the common genetic factors underlying T2D and CAD in patients with CAD.

Methods: A three-step association approach was conducted: a) a discovery step involving 943 CAD patients with T2D and 1,149 CAD patients without T2D; b) an eliminating step to exclude CAD or T2D specific variants; and c) a replication step using the UK Biobank data.

Homocysteine levels, H-Hypertension, and the MTHFR C677T genotypes: A complex interaction.

Background And Objectives: High homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of hypertension and stroke. Homocysteine is metabolized by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (). We aimed to investigate the levels of homocysteine and their association with hypertension, stroke, and antihypertensive medication usage in patients with different C677T genotypes.

Elevated Lp(a) Levels Correlate with Severe and Multiple Coronary Artery Stenotic Lesions.

Backgrounds And Aims: The role of Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases is reported in several populations. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of high Lp(a) levels with the degree of coronary artery stenosis.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight patients were enrolled for this study.

Genetic Architecture of Untargeted Lipidomics in Cardiometabolic-Disease Patients Combines Strong Polygenic Control and Pleiotropy.

Analysis of the genetic control of small metabolites provides powerful information on the regulation of the endpoints of genome expression. We carried out untargeted liquid chromatography−high-resolution mass spectrometry in 273 individuals characterized for pathophysiological elements of the cardiometabolic syndrome. We quantified 3013 serum lipidomic features, which we used in both genome-wide association studies (GWAS), using a panel of over 2.

E-cigarette aerosol induced cytotoxicity, DNA damages and late apoptosis in dynamically exposed A549 cells.

In this study, the acute toxicological impacts associated with electronic cigarettes consumption were determined using a novel dynamic exposure methodology. The methodology was deployed to test various e-cigarette generated aerosols in A549 cell cultures. The e-liquid chemical profiling was achieved using GC-MS analysis while toxicity of diluted e-liquids aerosols was reported using numerous cytotoxicity assays.

Plasma and urine metabolomic analyses in aortic valve stenosis reveal shared and biofluid-specific changes in metabolite levels.

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a prevalent condition among the elderly population that eventually requires aortic valve replacement. The lack of reliable biomarkers for AVS poses a challenge for its early diagnosis and the application of preventive measures. Untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics was applied in 46 AVS cases and 46 controls to identify plasma and urine metabolites underlying AVS risk.

Municipal leachates health risks: Chemical and cytotoxicity assessment from regulated and unregulated municipal dumpsites in Lebanon.

The proper management of municipal waste is critical for resource recovery, sustainability and health. Lebanon main approach for managing its municipal waste consisted of landfill disposal with minimal recycling capacity. This approach contributed to exceeding the holding capacity of existing landfills leading eventually to their closures.

A long-lived cuprous bis-phenanthroline complex for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Copper is an earth-abundant and a biologically essential metal that offers a promising alternative to noble metals in photochemistry and photobiology. In this work, a series of sterically encumbered Cu(i) bis-phenanthroline complexes were investigated for their use in photochemotherapy (PCT). It was found that Cu(dsbtmp)2+ [dsbtmp = 2,9-disec-butyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline] (compound 3), which possessed the longest excited state lifetime, exhibited significant in vitro photocytotoxicity on A375 (human malignant melanoma) and A549 (human lung carcinoma) cell lines.